ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2002
Ongoing in vivo immunoglobulin class switch DNA recombination in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retraction Note: DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through BLyS and APRIL.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- AID in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Induction and Action During Disease Progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- DSB structure impacts DNA recombination leading to class switching and chromosomal translocations in human B cells.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-Cell Normal Cellular Counterpart: Clues From a Functional Perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- AID expression increased by TNF-α is associated with class switch recombination of Igα gene in cancers.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2016Article
- Article
- Stromal endothelial cells establish a bidirectional crosstalk with chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells through the TNF-related factors BAFF, APRIL, and CD40L.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Targeting activation-induced cytidine deaminase overcomes tumor evasion of immunotherapy by CTLs.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- IL4 gene polymorphism and previous malaria experiences manipulate anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibody isotype profiles in complicated and uncomplicated malaria.Malaria journal · 2009Article
- Intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the clinical course of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: prognostic markers with pathogenetic relevance.Journal of translational medicine · 2009Review
- Ectopic lymphoid structures support ongoing production of class-switched autoantibodies in rheumatoid synovium.PLoS medicine · 2009Article
- AID- and Ung-dependent generation of staggered double-strand DNA breaks in immunoglobulin class switch DNA recombination: a post-cleavage role for AID.Molecular immunology · 2008Article
- Viral double-stranded RNA triggers Ig class switching by activating upper respiratory mucosa B cells through an innate TLR3 pathway involving BAFF.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2008Article
- The regulation of IgA class switching.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2008Review
- IgM-expressing Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia tumor cells reveal a potential for isotype switch events in vivo.Leukemia · 2007Article
- Article
- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) promotes B cell lymphomagenesis in Emu-cmyc transgenic mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2007Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results from the expansion of malignant CD5(+) B cells that usually express IgD and IgM. These leukemic cells can give rise in vivo to clonally related IgG(+) or IgA(+) elements. The requirements and modalities of this process remain elusive. Here we show that leukemic B cells from 14 of 20 CLLs contain the hallmarks of ongoing Ig class switch DNA recombination (CSR), including extrachromosomal switch circular DNAs and circle transcripts generated by direct S micro -->Sgamma, S micro -->Salpha, and S micro -->Sepsilon as well as sequential Sgamma-->Salpha and Sgamma-->Sepsilon CSR. Similar CLL B cells express transcripts for activation-induced cytidine deaminase, a critical component of the CSR machinery, and contain germline I(H)-C(H) and mature V(H)DJ(H)-C(H) transcripts encoded by multiple Cgamma, Calpha, and Cepsilon genes. Ongoing CSR occurs in only a fraction of the CLL clone, as only small proportions of CD5(+)CD19(+) cells express surface IgG or IgA and lack IgM and IgD. In vivo class-switching CLL B cells down-regulate switch circles and circle transcripts in vitro unless exposed to exogenous CD40 ligand and IL-4. In addition, CLL B cells that do not class switch in vivo activate the CSR machinery and secrete IgG, IgA, or IgE upon in vitro exposure to CD40 ligand and IL-4. These findings indicate that in CLL at least some members of the malignant clone actively differentiate in vivo along a pathway that induces CSR. They also suggest that this process is elicited by external stimuli, including CD40 ligand and IL-4, provided by bystander immune cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.