ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
The single, ancient origin of chromist plastids.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers.
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125 citing papers in PubMed, 378 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nucleomorph phylogenomics suggests a deep and ancient origin of cryptophyte plastids within Rhodophyta.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- IPTG- and estradiol-inducible gene expression systems in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Phylogeny of the SELMA Translocation Machinery Recounts the Evolution of Complex Photosynthetic Eukaryotes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Regulatory and retrograde signaling networks in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the evolutionary trajectory of LHCI in red-lineage algae: Conservation, diversification, and neolocalization.iScience · 2024Article
- Integrated overview of stramenopile ecology, taxonomy, and heterotrophic origin.The ISME journal · 2024Review
- Plastid Genome Evolution of Two Colony-Forming BenthicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- PDAT regulates PE as transient carbon sink alternative to triacylglycerol in Nannochloropsis.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Thermo resistant antioxidants from photoautotrophic microorganisms: screening and characterization.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2021Article
- Marine phytoplankton functional types exhibit diverse responses to thermal change.Nature communications · 2021Article
- The Evolution of the Cytochrome c6 Family of Photosynthetic Electron Transfer Proteins.Genome biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Mixotrophic growth of the extremophile Galdieria sulphuraria reveals the flexibility of its carbon assimilation metabolism.The New phytologist · 2021Article
- A molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids.Nature communications · 2021Article
- The iron-sulfur scaffold protein HCF101 unveils the complexity of organellar evolution in SAR, Haptista and Cryptista.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Evolutionary Maintenance of the PTS2 Protein Import Pathway in the Stramenopile AlgaFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Optimal Growth Temperature and Intergenic Distances in Bacteria, Archaea, and Plastids of Rhodophytic Branch.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Analysis of Adaptive Evolution and Coevolution ofEvolutionary bioinformatics online · 2020Article
- Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Genes Regulated by Histone Acetylation and Genes Related to Sex Hormone Biosynthesis inFrontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer in early plastid evolution.The New phytologist · 2019Review
- Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatomProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Algae include a diverse array of photosynthetic eukaryotes excluding land plants. Explaining the origin of algal plastids continues to be a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Current knowledge suggests that plastid primary endosymbiosis, in which a single-celled protist engulfs and "enslaves" a cyanobacterium, likely occurred once and resulted in the primordial alga. This eukaryote then gave rise through vertical evolution to the red, green, and glaucophyte algae. However, some modern algal lineages have a more complicated evolutionary history involving a secondary endosymbiotic event, in which a protist engulfed an existing eukaryotic alga (rather than a cyanobacterium), which was then reduced to a secondary plastid. Secondary endosymbiosis explains the majority of algal biodiversity, yet the number and timing of these events is unresolved. Here we analyzed a five-gene plastid data set to show that a taxonomically diverse group of chlorophyll c(2)-containing protists comprising cryptophyte, haptophyte, and stramenopiles algae (Chromista) share a common plastid that most likely arose from a single, ancient ( approximately 1,260 million years ago) secondary endosymbiosis involving a red alga. This finding is consistent with Chromista monophyly and implicates secondary endosymbiosis as an important force in generating eukaryotic biodiversity.
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