ArticleInfection and immunity2002
Characterization of two novel pyrogenic toxin superantigens made by an acute rheumatic fever clone of Streptococcus pyogenes associated with multiple disease outbreaks.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distribution ofSouthern African journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A potential association between immunosenescence and high COVID-19 related mortality among elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2021Review
- Molecular Characteristics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Whole genome analysis reveals the diversity and evolutionary relationships between necrotic enteritis-causing strains of Clostridium perfringens.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Bacterial superantigens promote acute nasopharyngeal infection by Streptococcus pyogenes in a human MHC Class II-dependent manner.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
- Superantigen gene complement of Streptococcus pyogenes--relationship with other typing methods and short-term stability.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2013Article
- Emergence of Streptococcus pyogenes emm102 causing toxic shock syndrome in Southern Taiwan during 2005-2012.PloS one · 2013Article
- Gram-positive bacterial superantigen outside-in signaling causes toxic shock syndrome.The FEBS journal · 2011Review
- Contribution of each of four Superantigens to Streptococcus equi-induced mitogenicity, gamma interferon synthesis, and immunity.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
- Streptococcus pyogenes isolates causing severe infections in Norway in 2006 to 2007: emm types, multilocus sequence types, and superantigen profiles.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2010Article
- The secreted esterase of group a streptococcus is important for invasive skin infection and dissemination in mice.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Variations in the protective immune response against streptococcal superantigens in populations of different ethnicity.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2006Article
- Toward a genome-wide systems biology analysis of host-pathogen interactions in group A Streptococcus.The American journal of pathology · 2005Review
- Surface analyses and immune reactivities of major cell wall-associated proteins of group a streptococcus.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements.Journal of molecular evolution · 2005Article
- Phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2004Review
- Peptide antagonists of superantigen toxins.Molecular diversity · 2004Article
- Bacterial superantigens.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2003Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is poorly understood. We identified two contiguous bacteriophage genes, designated speL and speM, encoding novel inferred superantigens in the genome sequence of an ARF strain of serotype M18 group A streptococcus (GAS). speL and speM were located at the same genomic site in 33 serotype M18 isolates, and no nucleotide sequence diversity was observed in the 33 strains analyzed. Furthermore, the genes were absent in 13 non-M18 strains tested. These data indicate a recent acquisition event by a distinct clone of serotype M18 GAS. speL and speM were transcribed in vitro and upregulated in the exponential phase of growth. Purified SpeL and SpeM were pyrogenic and mitogenic for rabbit splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in picogram amounts. SpeL preferentially expanded human T cells expressing T-cell receptors Vbeta1, Vbeta5.1, and Vbeta23, and SpeM had specificity for Vbeta1 and Vbeta23 subsets, indicating that both proteins had superantigen activity. SpeL was lethal in two animal models of streptococcal toxic shock, and SpeM was lethal in one model. Serologic studies indicated that ARF patients were exposed to serotype M18 GAS, SpeL, and SpeM. The data demonstrate that SpeL and SpeM are pyrogenic toxin superantigens and suggest that they may participate in the host-pathogen interactions in some ARF patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.