ArticleInfection and immunity2002
Identification and genetic characterization of PmrA-regulated genes and genes involved in polymyxin B resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structure and function of Salmonella inner membrane.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic and clinical insights into a PmrB mutation driving colistin resistance and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Resistance inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- PmrA Mutations in Drug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- How Bacterial Pathogens Coordinate Appetite with Virulence.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- A Copper-Responsive Two-Component System Governs Lipoprotein Remodeling in Listeria monocytogenes.Journal of bacteriology · 2023Article
- SurA-like and Skp-like Proteins as Important Virulence Determinants of the Gram Negative Bacterial Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Variability in Adaptive Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A small molecule that disrupts S. Typhimurium membrane voltage without cell lysis reduces bacterial colonization of mice.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Molecular Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Comparative genomic and phenotypic characterization of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from Siaya, Kenya.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- RpoS-regulatedVirulence · 2020Article
- Association of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance inMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles of UropathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Salmonella Tol-Pal Reduces Outer Membrane Glycerophospholipid Levels for Envelope Homeostasis and Survival during Bacteremia.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Defining ICR-Mo, an intrinsic colistin resistance determinant from Moraxella osloensis.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- An Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism for Intrinsic and Transferable Polymyxin Resistance.mBio · 2018Article
- Identifying components required for OMP biogenesis as novel targets for antiinfective drugs.Virulence · 2017Article
- Structure of the Francisella response regulator QseB receiver domain, and characterization of QseB inhibition by antibiofilm 2-aminoimidazole-based compounds.Molecular microbiology · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium encounters antimicrobial peptides (AP) within the phagosomes of professional phagocytes and at intestinal mucosal surfaces. Salmonella serovar Typhimurium utilizes the two-component regulatory system PmrA-PmrB, which is activated in response to the environmental conditions encountered in vivo, to regulate resistance to several AP, including polymyxin B (PM). Random MudJ transposon mutagenesis was used to identify PmrA-PmrB-regulated genes, as well as genetic loci necessary for PM resistance. Three different phenotypic classes of genes were identified: those necessary for PM resistance and regulated by PmrA, those necessary for PM resistance and not regulated by PmrA, and PmrA-regulated genes not required for PM resistance. Loci identified as necessary for PM resistance showed between 6- and 192-fold increased sensitivities to PM, and transposon insertion sites include surA, tolB, and gnd. PmrA-regulated loci identified included dgoA and yibD and demonstrated 500- and 2,500-fold activation by PmrA, respectively. The role of the identified loci in aminoarabinose modification of lipid A was determined by paper chromatography. The gnd mutant demonstrated a loss of aminoarabinose from lipid A, which was suggested to be due to a polar effect on the downstream gene pmrE. The remaining PM(s) mutants (surA and tolB), as well as the two PmrA-regulated gene (yibD and dgoA) mutants, retained aminoarabinose on lipid A. yibD, dgoA, and gnd (likely affecting pmrE) played no role in PmrA-regulated resistance to high iron concentrations, while surA and tolB mutations grew poorly on high iron media. All PM(s) mutants identified in this study demonstrated a defect in virulence compared to wild-type Salmonella serovar Typhimurium when administered orally to mice, while the PmrA-regulated gene (yibD and dgoA) mutants showed normal virulence in mice. These data broaden our understanding of in vivo gene regulation, lipopolysaccharide modification, and mechanisms of resistance to AP in enteric bacteria.
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