ArticleTobacco control2002
The ID effect on youth access to cigarettes.
Article in Tobacco control, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Preventing smoking in young people: a systematic review of the impact of access interventions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2009Pooled it
- Retailers' Compliance with Federal Age of Cigarette Sales Policies -- Pitt County, North Carolina, January-March 2022.North Carolina medical journal · 2024Article
- A Pilot Study to Examine Retailer Compliance Before and After Tobacco 21 in New Jersey.Health behavior research · 2022Article
- Sales of cigarettes to pseudo-underage mystery shoppers: Experiences from Stockholm County.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2021Article
- Assessment of the US Federal Retailer Violation Rate as an Estimate of the Proportion of Retailers That Illegally Sell Tobacco to Adolescents.JAMA pediatrics · 2018Article
- Tobacco Use and Smoke Exposure in Children: New Trends, Harm, and Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2017Review
- Availability of snus and its sale to minors in a large Minnesota city.Tobacco control · 2014Article
- The tobacco-free generation proposal.Tobacco control · 2013Article
- Research opportunities concerning youth and the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2012Article
- Causes of the decline in cigarette smoking among African American youths from the 1970s to the 1990s.American journal of public health · 2011Article
- Adolescent smoking behaviour and cigarette brand preference in Japan.Tobacco control · 2006Article
- Tobacco sales to minors: has familiarity bred contempt for youth access programs?American journal of public health · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the effect on cigarette sales rates when minors present identification (ID).
designControlled experiment in which minors attempting to purchase cigarettes either carried a valid photo ID (documenting they were minors) or carried no ID, and were instructed to show the ID or admit having no ID if the clerk requested proof of age.
settingCensus of retail stores in six urban and suburban Colorado counties. SUBJECTS: Retail cigarette clerks, uninformed of the study.
main outcome measuresRelative risk (RR) of cigarette sale to a minor when ID was requested and presented versus requested but not presented.
resultsWhen clerks requested ID, sales were more than six times as frequent if minors presented ID than if they did not (12.2% v 2.0%, RR 6.2, p < 0.0001). The relative risk remained substantially unchanged under adjustment for demographic and circumstantial covariates.
conclusionsPresentation of photo ID in compliance checks increases illegal cigarette sales to minors. The impact may vary among states or locales and depends strongly on how often clerks request proof of age. Clerk training and responsible cigarette sales practices should include age calculations from photo ID. Programmes relying on investigative purchase attempts to estimate actual rates of cigarette sales to minors should ascertain and replicate local ID presenting behaviours that minors typically use during genuine attempts to buy cigarettes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.