ArticleNature immunology2002
Langerhans cells renew in the skin throughout life under steady-state conditions.
Article in Nature immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 387 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
387 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Focus on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophages are constitutive architects of tissue integrity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Article
- Histiocytosis development and clinical variation through the lens of genomics.The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Harnessing macrophage signaling pathways and scalable engineering for next-generation immunotherapies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Dual lineages of Langerhans cells cooperate to restore the immune barrier after skin injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cellular and molecular changes in the skin driving increased nociception and pain during burn injury and repair.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Human epidermal Langerhans cells induce tolerance and hamper T cell function upon tick-borne pathogen transmission.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Enhancing radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor immunity via nanoparticle-mediated STING agonist synergy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Molecular profiling of skin cells identifies distinct cellular signatures in radiation-induced skin injury across various stages in the murine dataset.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Article
- Inflammation switches the chemoattractant requirements for naive lymphocyte entry into lymph nodes.Cell · 2025Article
- Epidermal maintenance of Langerhans cells relies on autophagy-regulated lipid metabolism.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Overview of dendritic cells subsets and their involvement in immune-related pathological disease.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Review
- Foamy macrophages in atherosclerosis: unraveling the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in disease progression.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Apoptosis and Cell Clearance in Skin Wound Healing.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and environmental factors shaping the ecosystem of brain macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Monocytes give rise to Langerhans cells that preferentially migrate to lymph nodes at steady state.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Unraveling Macrophage Polarization: Functions, Mechanisms, and "Double-Edged Sword" Roles in Host Antiviral Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
327 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are bone marrow (BM)-derived epidermal dendritic cells (DCs) that represent a critical immunologic barrier to the external environment, but little is known about their life cycle. Here, we show that in lethally irradiated mice that had received BM transplants, LCs of host origin remained for at least 18 months, whereas DCs in other organs were almost completely replaced by donor cells within 2 months. In parabiotic mice with separate organs, but a shared blood circulation, there was no mixing of LCs. However, in skin exposed to ultraviolet light, LCs rapidly disappeared and were replaced by circulating LC precursors within 2 weeks. The recruitment of new LCs was dependent on their expression of the CCR2 chemokine receptor and on the secretion of CCR2-binding chemokines by inflamed skin. These data indicate that under steady-state conditions, LCs are maintained locally, but inflammatory changes in the skin result in their replacement by blood-borne LC progenitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.