Evidence map›Paper›PMID 12414955›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2002

Noninvasive bioluminescence imaging of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection and therapy in living mice.

Gary D Luker, J Patrick Bardill, Julie L Prior, Christina M Pica, David Piwnica-Worms, David A Leib

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 176 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Reporter-expressing viruses for antiviral drug discovery research.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Theranostics · 2020
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Visualization of chikungunya virus infectionEmerging microbes & infections · 2019
    Article
  19. An inner light.Lab animal · 2018
    Article
  20. Review

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Gary D LukerMolecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
J Patrick Bardill
Julie L Prior
Christina M Pica
David Piwnica-Worms
David A Leib
Imaging Center · USCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology · CZMallinckrodt (Ireland) · IE

Funding

WU-MDACC Inter-Institutional Molecular Imaging CenterP50CA094056 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KOPAN, RAPHAEL · 2002 to 2016
$26.3M
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY CENTER VISION RESEARCHP30EY002687 · NEI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Philip Andrew Ruzycki · 1985 to 2026
$18.4M
VIRAL & HOST FACTORS IN HERPETIC REACTIVATIONR01EY009083 · NEI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI David A Leib · 1992 to 2026
$10.3M
MOLECULAR IMAGING CENTER PLANNING GRANTP20CA086251 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI PIWNICA-WORMS, DAVID R · 2000 to 2001
$800k
NCI NIH HHS P20 CA86251NCI NIH HHS P50 CA094056NCI NIH HHS P50 CA94056NEI NIH HHS P30 EY002687NEI NIH HHS P30 EY02687NEI NIH HHS R01 EY009083NEI NIH HHS R01 EY09083
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mouse models of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection provide significant insights into viral and host genes that regulate disease pathogenesis, but conventional methods to determine the full extent of viral spread and replication typically require the sacrifice of infected animals. To develop a noninvasive method for detecting HSV-1 in living mice, we used a strain KOS HSV-1 recombinant that expresses firefly (Photinus pyralis) and Renilla (Renilla reniformis) luciferase reporter proteins and monitored infection with a cooled charge-coupled device camera. Viral infection in mouse footpads, peritoneal cavity, brain, and eyes could be detected by bioluminescence imaging of firefly luciferase. The activity of Renilla luciferase could be imaged after direct administration of substrate to infected eyes but not following the systemic delivery of substrate. The magnitude of bioluminescence from firefly luciferase measured in vivo correlated directly with input titers of recombinant virus used for infection. Treatment of infected mice with valacyclovir, a potent inhibitor of HSV-1 replication, produced dose-dependent decreases in firefly luciferase activity that correlated with changes in viral titers. These data demonstrate that bioluminescence imaging can be used for noninvasive, real-time monitoring of HSV-1 infection and therapy in living mice.

Indexed as

AcyclovirAnimalsAntiviral AgentsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleGenes, ReporterHerpes SimplexHerpesvirus 1, HumanKeratitis, HerpeticLuciferasesLuminescent MeasurementsMiceOrgan SpecificityTime FactorsValacyclovirValineAcyclovirAntiviral AgentsLuciferasesValacyclovirValine

Identifiers

PMID12414955
PMCPMC136903
OpenAlexW2140478568

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.