ReviewNature immunology2002
To kill or be killed: viral evasion of apoptosis.
Review in Nature immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional characterization of viral transcriptional regulators reveals extensive rewiring of host pathways.Nature communications · 2026Article
- TNF-α and IL-10 differentially modulate apoptosis during PRRSV-1 infection of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Functional characterization of specialized immune cells in a cnidarian reveals an ancestral antiviral program.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Flavivirus NS3 Protein: Its Multifaceted Roles and Therapeutic Potential.Journal of medical virology · 2026Review
- Attenuation of canine distemper virus leads to a potent antiviral innate immune response with restricted infection of alveolar macrophages.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The CXCL8/MAPK/hnRNP-K axis enables susceptibility to infection by EV-D68, rhinovirus, and influenza virus in vitro.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Infectious bronchitis-virus-like QX strain transmission, pathogenesis, replication, and host miRNA biogenesis pathway hijacking mechanism.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Elevated serum mtDNA in COVID-19 patients is linked to SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein targeting mitochondrial VDAC1, inducing apoptosis and mtDNA release.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Article
- Targeting MDM2-mediated suppression of p53 with idasanutlin: a promising therapeutic approach for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Investigational new drugs · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- Predicting viral proteins that evade the innate immune system: a machine learning-based immunoinformatics tool.BMC bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Article
- Decoding Cancer through Silencing the Mitochondrial Gatekeeper VDAC1.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Intracellular delivery of antiviral shRNA using penetratin-based complexes effectively inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and host cell apoptosis.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Chromosome-level genome and population genomics of the intermediate horseshoe bat (Zoological research · 2024Article
- Article
- Wogonin Inhibits Apoptosis and Necroptosis Induced by Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chicken Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Induction of apoptosis by double-stranded RNA was present in the last common ancestor of cnidarian and bilaterian animals.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the struggle between virus and host, control over the cell's death machinery is crucial for survival. Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites and, as such, must modulate apoptotic pathways to control the lifespan of their host in order to complete their replication cycle. Many of the counter-assaults mounted by the immune system incorporate activation of the apoptotic pathway-particularly by members of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine family-as a mechanism to restrict viral replication. Thus, apoptosis serves as a powerful selective pressure for the virus to evade. However, for the host, success is harsh and potentially costly, as apoptosis often contributes to pathogenesis. Here we examine some of the molecular mechanisms by which viruses manipulate the apoptotic machinery to their advantage and how we (as vertebrates) have evolved and learned to cope with viral evasion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
12407409What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.