ArticleAmerican journal of public health2002
A reexamination of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy.
Article in American journal of public health, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal exposure to nicotine and postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Pooled it
- Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Long-term Results From the FRESH RCT: Sustained Reduction of Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure.American journal of preventive medicine · 2020Trial
- Efficacy of a Nurse-Delivered Intervention to Prevent and Delay Postpartum Return to Smoking: The Quit for Two Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Reducing Underserved Children's Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Randomized Counseling Trial With Maternal Smokers.American journal of preventive medicine · 2015Trial
- Behavioral couples therapy for smoking cessation: A pilot randomized clinical trial.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Trial
- Prepartum and postpartum predictors of smoking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Trial
- Strategies to Avoid Returning to Smoking (STARTS): a randomized controlled trial of postpartum smoking relapse prevention interventions.Contemporary clinical trials · 2013Trial
- Major depression and PTSD in pregnant smokers enrolled in nicotine gum treatment trial.The American journal on addictions · 2013Trial
- Self-help booklets for preventing postpartum smoking relapse: a randomized trial.American journal of public health · 2012Trial
- Smoking cessation and relapse among pregnant African-American smokers in Washington, DC.Maternal and child health journal · 2011Trial
- Effects of an intensive depression-focused intervention for smoking cessation in pregnancy.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2010Trial
- Predictors of smoking cessation in pregnancy and maintenance postpartum in low-income women.Maternal and child health journal · 2005Trial
- Smoking Status in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis in Northern Greece.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prenatal and Childhood Smoke Exposure Associations with Cognition, Language, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- The effect of antenatal depression on birth weight among newborns in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a population-based prospective cohort study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Trends of maternal waterpipe, cigarettes, and dual tobacco smoking in Jordan. A decade of lost opportunities.PloS one · 2021Article
- Smoking cessation and counseling: A mixed methods study of pediatricians and parents.PloS one · 2021Article
- Description of Maternal Smoking Status Before and After Pregnancy: A Longitudinal, Community-Based Cohort Study.Journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Associations Between Early Low-Level Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Executive Function at Age 8 Years.The Journal of pediatrics · 2020Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study examined the patterns and correlates of maternal smoking before, during, and after pregnancy.
methodsWe examined socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical risk factors associated with maternal smoking in a nationally representative cohort of women (n = 8285) who were surveyed 17 +/- 5 months and again 35 +/- 5 months after delivery.
resultsSmoking rates among women with a college degree decreased 30% from before pregnancy to 35 months postpartum but did not change among the least educated women. Risk factors clustered, and a gradient linked the number of risk factors (0, 2, 4) to the percentage smoking (6%, 31%, 58%, P <.0001).
conclusionsThe period of pregnancy and early parenthood is associated with worsening education-related disparities in smoking as well as substantial clustering of risk factors. These observations could influence the targeting and design of maternal smoking interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.