ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2002
Use of the alr gene as a food-grade selection marker in lactic acid bacteria.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhancing Probiotic Performance in Food Matrices: From Strain Selection to Bioengineering.Journal of food science · 2026Review
- Genetic Toolbox Expansion Enables Constitutively Fluorescent Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus for Functional Microbiome Research.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria in the EU Food Chain: Applications, Benefits, and Risk Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Small regulatory RNAs modulate lactococcal susceptibility to cell wall-targeting antimicrobials.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Expanding the genetic programmability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the immunogenicity of auxotrophicVirulence · 2022Article
- AuxotrophicVaccines · 2022Article
- Plasmid-Based Gene Expression Systems for Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Review.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Article
- Immunogenicity of Recombinant-DeficientVaccines · 2021Article
- Safety Aspects of Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Construction of a shuttle expression vector for lactic acid bacteria.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2019Article
- PilVax - a novel peptide delivery platform for the development of mucosal vaccines.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A D-Alanine auxotrophic live vaccine is effective against lethal infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.Virulence · 2018Article
- Genetic Tools for the Enhancement of Probiotic Properties.Microbiology spectrum · 2017Review
- A food-grade expression system for d-psicose 3-epimerase production inBioresources and bioprocessing · 2017Article
- Secretory production of a beta-mannanase and a chitosanase using a Lactobacillus plantarum expression system.Microbial cell factories · 2016Article
- GtfA and GtfB are both required for protein O-glycosylation in Lactobacillus plantarum.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
- Development ofVaccines · 2014Article
- Construction and application of a food-grade expression system for Lactococcus lactis.Molecular biotechnology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Both Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum contain a single alr gene, encoding an alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1), which catalyzes the interconversion of D-alanine and L-alanine. The alr genes of these lactic acid bacteria were investigated for their application as food-grade selection markers in a heterologous complementation approach. Since isogenic mutants of both species carrying an alr deletion (Deltaalr) showed auxotrophy for D-alanine, plasmids carrying a heterologous alr were constructed and could be selected, since they complemented D-alanine auxotrophy in the L. plantarum Deltaalr and L. lactis Deltaalr strains. Selection was found to be highly stringent, and plasmids were stably maintained over 200 generations of culturing. Moreover, the plasmids carrying the heterologous alr genes could be stably maintained in wild-type strains of L. plantarum and L. lactis by selection for resistance to D-cycloserine, a competitive inhibitor of Alr (600 and 200 micro g/ml, respectively). In addition, a plasmid carrying the L. plantarum alr gene under control of the regulated nisA promoter was constructed to demonstrate that D-cycloserine resistance of L. lactis is linearly correlated to the alr expression level. Finally, the L. lactis alr gene controlled by the nisA promoter, together with the nisin-regulatory genes nisRK, were integrated into the chromosome of L. plantarum Deltaalr. The resulting strain could grow in the absence of D-alanine only when expression of the alr gene was induced with nisin.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.