ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
Metabolic specialization associated with phenotypic switching in Candidaalbicans.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.
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Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Mcu1 mitochondrial protein coordinates TCA cycle enzymes to modulate phenotypic switching and commensalism inVirulence · 2026Article
- Response ofmSphere · 2026Article
- Genetic and environmental control of parasexual reproduction in the pathogenicMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Whole-chromosome duplications drive antimicrobial resistance inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Differences in Metabolite Profiles and Bioactivities of Intra-Strain Variants of Marine FungusMetabolites · 2025Article
- Drivers of diversification in fungal pathogen populations.PLoS pathogens · 2024Review
- A single gene mutation underpins metabolic adaptation and acquisition of filamentous competence in the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- White-opaque switching inMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Strain background ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- Morphogenic plasticity: the pathogenic attribute of Candida albicans.Current genetics · 2023Review
- Cell-type memory in a single-cell eukaryote requires the continuous presence of a specific transcription regulator.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Glucose depletion enables Candida albicans mating independently of the epigenetic white-opaque switch.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Farnesol and phosphorylation of the transcriptional regulator Efg1 affect Candida albicans white-opaque switching rates.PloS one · 2023Article
- Role of Cellular Metabolism duringPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- mDrop-Seq: Massively Parallel Single-Cell RNA-Seq ofVaccines · 2021Article
- Phenotypic Switching and Filamentation in Candida haemulonii, an Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen of Humans.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Role of themBio · 2021Article
- Bend or break: how biochemically versatile molecules enable metabolic division of labor in clonal microbial communities.Genetics · 2021Review
- The histone chaperone HIR maintains chromatin states to control nitrogen assimilation and fungal virulence.Cell reports · 2021Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Phase and antigenic variation are mechanisms used by microbial pathogens to stochastically change their cell surface composition. A related property, referred to as phenotypic switching, has been described for some pathogenic fungi. This phenomenon is best studied in Candida albicans, where switch phenotypes vary in morphology, physiology, and pathogenicity in experimental models. In this study, we report an application of a custom Affymetrix GeneChip representative of the entire C. albicans genome and assay the global expression profiles of white and opaque switch phenotypes of the WO-1 strain. Of 13,025 probe sets examined, 373 ORFs demonstrated a greater than twofold difference in expression level between switch phenotypes. Among these, 221 were expressed at a level higher in opaque cells than in white cells; conversely, 152 were more highly expressed in white cells. Affected genes represent functions as diverse as metabolism, adhesion, cell surface composition, stress response, signaling, mating type, and virulence. Approximately one-third of the differences between cell types are related to metabolic pathways, opaque cells expressing a transcriptional profile consistent with oxidative metabolism and white cells expressing a fermentative one. This bias was obtained regardless of carbon source, suggesting a connection between phenotypic switching and metabolic flexibility, where metabolic specialization of switch phenotypes enhances selection in relation to the nutrients available at different anatomical sites. These results extend our understanding of strategies used in microbial phase variation and pathogenesis and further characterize the unanticipated diversity of genes expressed in phenotypic switching.
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