ArticleJournal of virology2002
Role of cholesterol in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein-mediated fusion with host cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00721305 (Antiretroviral Effect of Lovastatin on HIV-1-infected Individuals Without Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antiretroviral Effect of Lovastatin on HIV-1-infected Individuals Without Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): A Phase-II Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Article
- Pannexin-1 channels, extracellular ATP, and purinergic receptors are essential for CCR5/CXCR4 clustering and HIV entry.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Studying Retroviral Life Cycles Using Visible Viruses and Live Cell Imaging.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- Molecular docking as a tool for the discovery of novel insight about the role of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors in SARS- CoV-2 infectivity.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Protein overexpression can induce the elongation of cell membrane nanodomains.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Rearrangement of Actin Cytoskeleton by Zika Virus Infection Facilitates Blood-Testis Barrier Hyperpermeability.Virologica Sinica · 2021Article
- Structural Domains of the Herpes Simplex Type 1 gD Protein that Restrict HIV-1 Particle Infectivity.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Participation of ABCA1 Transporter in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Role of Lipid Rafts in Pathogen-Host Interaction - A Mini Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Membrane Rafts: Portals for Viral Entry.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Review
- Structure, membrane topology and influence of cholesterol of the membrane proximal region: transmembrane helical anchor sequence of gp41 from HIV.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Interferon-mediated reprogramming of membrane cholesterol to evade bacterial toxins.Nature immunology · 2020Article
- A biophysical perspective on receptor-mediated virus entry with a focus on HIV.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2020Review
- Targeting Lipid Rafts as a Strategy Against Coronavirus.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Comorbidities of HIV infection: role of Nef-induced impairment of cholesterol metabolism and lipid raft functionality.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Review
- Design and Characterization of Cholesterylated Peptide HIV-1/2 Fusion Inhibitors with Extremely Potent and Long-Lasting Antiviral Activity.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Virion-Associated Cholesterol Regulates the Infection of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3.Viruses · 2019Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study we examined the effects of target membrane cholesterol depletion and cytoskeletal changes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-mediated membrane fusion by dye redistribution assays. We found that treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) or cytochalasin reduced their susceptibility to membrane fusion with cells expressing HIV-1 Env that utilize CXCR4 or CCR5. However, treatment of human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells expressing high levels of CD4 and coreceptors with these agents did not affect their susceptibility to HIV-1 Env-mediated membrane fusion. Removal of cholesterol inhibited stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha- and macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta-induced chemotaxis of both PBL and HOS cells expressing CD4 and coreceptors. The fusion activity as well as the chemotactic activity of PBL was recovered by adding back cholesterol to these cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis indicated that treatment of lymphocytes with MbetaCD reduced the colocalization of CD4 or of CXCR4 with actin presumably in microvilli. These findings indicate that, although cholesterol is not required for HIV-1 Env-mediated membrane fusion per se, its depletion from cells with relatively low coreceptor densities reduces the capacity of HIV-1 Env to engage coreceptor clusters required to trigger fusion. Furthermore, our results suggest that coreceptor clustering may occur in microvilli that are supported by actin polymerization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.