ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2002
A model system for study of sex chromosome effects on sexually dimorphic neural and behavioral traits.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 280 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
280 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 485 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Sexual dimorphism in epidermal stem cell dynamics.Nature · 2026Article
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- The dual role of arginine vasopressin in immune regulation: Balancing immunostimulation and immunosuppression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Sexual dimorphism in the liver.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Placental and juvenile immune responses to maternal immune activation are differentially regulated by sex chromosomes and gonads across gestation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Sex differences in response to longevity interventions.Ageing research reviews · 2026Review
- Gonadal Sex and Sex-Chromosome Complement Interact to Affect Ethanol Consumption in Adolescent Four Core Genotypes Mice.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Sex chromosome genes contribute to cocaine vulnerability in a strain-dependent manner.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Not just neurons: glial mechanisms driving sex-specific vulnerability to withdrawal and relapse in substance use disorder.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) and Slc4a11Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Differential disease tolerance mediates sex-biased illness severity in sepsis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Sex differences in neuromodulatory subcortical systems and their implications for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Sry-modified laboratory rat lines to study sex-chromosome effects underlying sex differences in physiology and disease: Four Core Genotypes and more.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Gonadal and sex chromosomal contributions to sex differences in mammalian brain organization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of the sex-linked biological pathways of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with endothelial cell caveolin-1 depletion and chronic hypoxia.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- A Y-linked duplication of anti-Mullerian hormone is the sex determination gene in threespine stickleback.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
220 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that genes encoded on the sex chromosomes play a direct role in sexual differentiation of brain and behavior. We used mice in which the testis-determining gene (Sry) was moved from the Y chromosome to an autosome (by deletion of Sry from the Y and subsequent insertion of an Sry transgene onto an autosome), so that the determination of testis development occurred independently of the complement of X or Y chromosomes. We compared XX and XY mice with ovaries (females) and XX and XY mice with testes (males). These comparisons allowed us to assess the effect of sex chromosome complement (XX vs XY) independent of gonadal status (testes vs ovaries) on sexually dimorphic neural and behavioral phenotypes. The phenotypes included measures of male copulatory behavior, social exploration behavior, and sexually dimorphic neuroanatomical structures in the septum, hypothalamus, and lumbar spinal cord. Most of the sexually dimorphic phenotypes correlated with the presence of ovaries or testes and therefore reflect the hormonal output of the gonads. We found, however, that both male and female mice with XY sex chromosomes were more masculine than XX mice in the density of vasopressin-immunoreactive fibers in the lateral septum. Moreover, two male groups differing only in the form of their Sry gene showed differences in behavior. The results show that sex chromosome genes contribute directly to the development of a sex difference in the brain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
12388607PMC6757680W2164771322What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.