ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2002
Ineffectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and the importance of bacterial and viral coinfections in African children with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Guideline
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in tropical and low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-regression.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2009Guideline
- Use of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein to evaluate vaccine efficacy against pneumonia.PLoS medicine · 2005Trial
- A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia.Nature medicine · 2004Trial
- Eco-Powered Cleanup: Laccase as a Green Catalyst for Tackling Emerging Contaminants.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Review
- Biodegradation of Emerging Contaminants Controlled by Biological and Chemical Factors.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The Efficacy of Cotrimoxazole for the Prevention ofEpidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pneumocystis pneumonia in South African children diagnosed by molecular methods.BMC research notes · 2014Article
- Humoral immune responses to Pneumocystis jirovecii antigens in HIV-infected and uninfected young children with pneumocystis pneumonia.PloS one · 2013Article
- Clinical predictors of HIV infection in hospitalized children aged 2-18 months in Harare, Zimbabwe.African health sciences · 2012Article
- Low prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii lung colonization in Ugandan HIV-infected patients hospitalized with non-Pneumocystis pneumonia.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2012Article
- Article
- Improved detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens from children with suspected pneumocystis pneumonia using real-time PCR: a prospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2011Article
- Article
- Preventing bacterial disease in the HIV-infected of sub-Saharan Africa: the role of cotrimoxazole and the pneumococcal vaccines.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2007Review
- Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia.Emerging infectious diseases · 2004Review
- Predictors of early mortality in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected african children.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2004Article
- Human metapneumovirus-associated lower respiratory tract infections among hospitalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected and HIV-1-uninfected African infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
African human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children were evaluated to define the burden of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and its interaction with bacterial and viral pathogens. P. carinii was identified in 101 (43.7%) of 231 episodes of pneumonia among 185 HIV-1-infected children (median age, 4.5 months; range, 1.7-27.3 months). Receipt of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis was not associated with a significant reduction (36%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -15.4% to 64.5%) in isolation of P. carinii among children considered to have received adequate prophylaxis (37.7% of children) compared with children who had never received any prophylaxis (48.5% of children). However, deaths among children with PCP who had been taking TMP-SMX prophylaxis were markedly reduced (98.6%; 95% CI, 89.1%-99.8%) compared with children who were not taking prophylaxis. Concurrent P. carinii infection was observed in 6 of 18, 11 of 26, and 4 of 6 HIV-1-infected children who had bacteremia, a respiratory virus isolated, or Mycobacterium species isolated, respectively.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.