ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2002
The immunosuppressant rapamycin represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Sirolimus reduces T cell cycling, immune checkpoint marker expression, and HIV-1 DNA in people with HIV.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Bafilomycin A1 Inhibits HIV-1 Infection by Disrupting Lysosomal Cholesterol Transport.Viruses · 2024Article
- Mechanisms and efficacy of small molecule latency-promoting agents to inhibit HIV reactivation ex vivo.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of within-host dynamics of acute infection and viral rebound dynamics in postnatally SHIV-infected ART-treated infant rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- The Many Faces of Immune Activation in HIV-1 Infection: A Multifactorial Interconnection.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Modulation of the autophagic pathway inhibits HIV-1 infection in human lymphoid tissue cultured ex vivo.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Targeting autophagy in disease: established and new strategies.Autophagy · 2022Article
- Cure and Long-Term Remission Strategies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Rapamycin inhibits hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA transcription by enhancing the ubiquitination of HBx.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Pharmacologic control of homeostatic and antigen-driven proliferation to target HIV-1 persistence.Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Review
- Everolimus, an mTORC1/2 inhibitor, in ART-suppressed individuals who received solid organ transplantation: A prospective study.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2021Article
- Evaluating a New Class of AKT/mTOR Activators for HIV Latency Reversing ActivityJournal of virology · 2021Article
- HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and Strategies.Journal of immunology research · 2021 · on this mapReview
- Can COVID 2019 induce a specific cardiovascular damage or it exacerbates pre-existing cardiovascular diseases?Pathology, research and practice · 2020Review
- Pediatric HIV: the Potential of Immune Therapeutics to Achieve Viral Remission and Functional Cure.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Article
- Reduce and Control: A Combinatorial Strategy for Achieving Sustained HIV Remissions in the Absence of Antiretroviral Therapy.Viruses · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunosuppressive macrolide rapamycin is used in humans to prevent graft rejection. This drug acts by selectively repressing the translation of proteins that are encoded by an mRNA bearing a 5'-polypyrimidine tract (e.g., ribosomal proteins, elongation factors). The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) carries a polypyrimidine motif that is located within the tat exon 2. Treatment of human T lymphoid cells with rapamycin resulted in a marked diminution of HIV-1 transcription when infection was performed with luciferase reporter T-tropic and macrophage-tropic viruses. Replication of fully infectious HIV-1 particles was abolished by rapamycin treatment. The rapamycin-mediated inhibitory effect on HIV-1 production was reversed by FK506. The anti-HIV-1 effect of rapamycin was also seen in primary human cells (i.e., peripheral blood lymphocytes) from different healthy donors. Rapamycin was shown to diminish basal HIV-1 long terminal repeat gene expression, and the observed effect of rapamycin on HIV-1 replication seems to be independent of the virus-specific transactivating Tat protein. A constitutive beta-actin promoter-based reporter gene vector was unaffected by rapamycin treatment. Kinetic virus infection studies and exposure to reporter viruses pseudotyped with heterologous envelope proteins (i.e., amphotropic murine leukemia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus G) suggested that rapamycin is primarily affecting the life cycle of HIV-1 at a transcriptional level. Northern blot analysis confirmed that this compound is selectively targeting HIV-1 mRNA synthesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.