ReviewImmunology2002
Life and death within germinal centres: a double-edged sword.
Review in Immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD4 T Cell-Derived IL-21 Is Critical for Sustaining Plasmodium Infection-Induced Germinal Center Responses and Promoting the Selection of Memory B Cells with Recall Potential.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Characterization of class-switched B cells in chickens.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The prediction effects of thyroid function in the severity of Guillain-Barré syndrome.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Local Clonal Diversification and Dissemination of B Lymphocytes in the Human Bronchial Mucosa.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Chronic Exposure to Malaria Is Associated with Inhibitory and Activation Markers on Atypical Memory B Cells and Marginal Zone-Like B Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Quantification of cells expressing markers of proliferation and apoptosis in chronic tonsilitis.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2015Article
- The Fas/CD95 Receptor Regulates the Death of Autoreactive B Cells and the Selection of Antigen-Specific B Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Follicular dendritic cells in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Spare PRELI gene loci: failsafe chromosome insurance?PloS one · 2012Article
- Adaptation to survival in germinal center is the initial step in onset of indolent stage of multiple myeloma.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2011Article
- Article
- Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein is critical for the turnover and subcellular distribution of CD40 ligand mRNA in CD4+ T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2011Article
- In vivo post-transcriptional regulation of CD154 in mouse CD4+ T cells.European journal of immunology · 2009Article
- Germinal center architecture disturbance during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in CBA mice.Malaria journal · 2007Article
- CUL1, a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase, alters lymphocyte signal transduction with possible effect on rheumatoid arthritis.Genes and immunity · 2005Article
- Latency-related gene encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 promotes virus growth and reactivation from latency in tonsils of infected calves.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2005Article
- Immunoglobulin gene analysis of mature B-cell malignancies: reconsideration of cellular origin and potential antigen involvement in pathogenesis.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Within germinal centres, B lymphocytes are destined to die by apoptosis via Fas signalling, unless they are positively rescued by antigen and by signals initiated by CD40-CD154 interactions. Thus, while the germinal centre microenvironment can become a virtual graveyard for most B lymphocytes that fail to bind antigen with high affinity, it concomitantly provides the necessary stimuli for the survival of cells that successfully accomplish affinity maturation. Such dichotomy in the physiology of germinal centre reaction that results in survival of the functional B-cell repertoire and the elimination of abnormal cells, dictates the fate towards B-cell homeostasis or disease. Consequently, the death and survival-signalling arms within germinal centres predominantly reside on the timely and controlled expression of Fas and its ligand (FasL), and CD40 and CD154, respectively. In keeping with this notion, lymphoproliferation or deficient immunity are documented landmarks of inactivation of either the Fas/FasL or CD40/CD154 signalling pathways. The present review considers two different scenarios in the control of B-cell survival and death within germinal centres. The first is an idealistic scenario, in which a discriminatory and co-ordinate signalling initiated by the CD40/CD154 and Fas/FasL pairs, respectively, leads the rescue of the functional B-cell repertoire and the elimination of the abnormal phenotype. The second is a gloomy scenario in which both the lack and the hyperexpression of either receptor/ligand pairs, are seen as equally deleterious.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.