ArticleInfection and immunity2002
Evidence inconsistent with a negative influence of T helper 2 cells on protection afforded by a dominant T helper 1 response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection in mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Fitness costs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin is compensated by rapid Th2 polarization mediated by early and high IL-4 production during mice infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reappraising the Role of T Cell-Derived IFN-γ in Restriction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Murine Lung.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Re-appraising the role of T-cell derived interferon gamma in restriction ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- In the Thick of It: Formation of the Tuberculous Granuloma and Its Effects on Host and Therapeutic Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- IL-4-Responsive B Cells Are Detrimental During Chronic Tuberculosis Infection in Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Macrophage Heterogeneity in the Immunopathogenesis of Tuberculosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Mycobacterial Lipoprotein Z Triggers Efficient Innate and Adaptive Immunity for Protection AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Unravelling the networks dictating host resistance versus tolerance during pulmonary infections.Cell and tissue research · 2017Review
- Ag85B synergizes with ESAT-6 to induce efficient and long-term immunity of C57BL/6 mice primed with recombinantExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2017Article
- Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
- Overexpression of RORγt Enhances Pulmonary Inflammation after Infection with Mycobacterium Avium.PloS one · 2016Article
- Filarial infection modulates the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis through expansion of CD4+ IL-4 memory T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- The IL-13/IL-4Rα axis is involved in tuberculosis-associated pathology.The Journal of pathology · 2014Article
- Adequate Th2-type response associates with restricted bacterial growth in latent mycobacterial infection of zebrafish.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria have diverse effects on BCG efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2014Article
- The potential for genetically altered microglia to influence glioma treatment.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2013Review
- Chronic pulmonary cavitary tuberculosis in rabbits: a failed host immune response.Open biology · 2011Article
- Preexisting helminth infection induces inhibition of innate pulmonary anti-tuberculosis defense by engaging the IL-4 receptor pathway.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2011Article
- Initiation and regulation of T-cell responses in tuberculosis.Mucosal immunology · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mice incapable of generating an efficient Th2 response because of functional deletion of the genes for signal transducer and activation of transcription 6 (Stat6), interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Ralpha), or IL-4 plus IL-13 (IL-4/IL-13) were no more resistant than wild-type (WT) mice to airborne infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. WT mice were able to control infection and hold it at a stationary level following 20 days of log linear M. tuberculosis growth. Likewise, infection was kept under control and was held at the same stationary level in IL-4/IL-13(-/-) mice but progressed to a slightly higher level in Stat6(-/-) and IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice. The onset of stationary-level infection in WT mice was associated with the expression of Th1-mediated immunity, as evidenced by an approximately 100- to 1,000-fold increase in the lungs in the synthesis of mRNA for IL-12, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) that was sustained for at least 100 days. IL-12 is essential for the induction of Th1 immunity, IFN-gamma is a key Th1 cytokine involved in mediation of immunity, and NOS2 is an inducible enzyme of macrophages and is needed by these cells to express immunity. In response to infection, the lungs of Stat6(-/-) mice showed increases in synthesis of mRNA for IL-12, IFN-gamma, and NOS2 similar to that seen in WT mice. In IL-4/IL-13(-/-) mice, however, synthesis of mRNA for IFN-gamma and NOS2 reached higher levels than in WT mice. These results argue against the notion that a Th2 response is partly or wholly responsible for the inability of Th1-mediated immunity to resolve infection with a virulent strain of M. tuberculosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.