ArticleThe Plant cell2002
High-flavonol tomatoes resulting from the heterologous expression of the maize transcription factor genes LC and C1.
Article in The Plant cell, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers.
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137 citing papers in PubMed, 460 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Molecular insights into the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Horticulture research · 2026Article
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- SlBES1-mediated brassinosteroid signaling suppresses flavonoid biosynthesis in tomato fruit.Plant communications · 2025Article
- Insight into the rutin biosynthesis in the unique flavonol synthesis pathway of Tartary buckwheat based on the enzymatic functions of FLSs.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- Approach for elucidating the structure of phenolics in tomato.Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
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- Evolutionary trajectory of transcription factors and selection of targets for metabolic engineering.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Unveiling phenylpropanoid regulation: the role of DzMYB activator and repressor in durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit.Plant cell reports · 2024Article
- Genetic and Biotechnological Approaches to Improve Fruit Bioactive Content: A Focus on Eggplant and Tomato Anthocyanins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A transient expression tool box for anthocyanin biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana.Plant biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Transcriptional regulation of flavonol biosynthesis in plants.Horticulture research · 2024Review
- Genome-Wide Investigation of the PLD Gene Family in Tomato: Identification, Analysis, and Expression.Genes · 2024Article
- Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in raw and pickled capers.Journal of food science and technology · 2024Article
- Dually biofortified cisgenic tomatoes with increased flavonoids and branched-chain amino acids content.Plant biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites important for plant biology and human nutrition. In particular flavonols are potent antioxidants, and their dietary intake is correlated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Tomato fruit contain only in their peel small amounts of flavonoids, mainly naringenin chalcone and the flavonol rutin, a quercetin glycoside. To increase flavonoid levels in tomato, we expressed the maize transcription factor genes LC and C1 in the fruit of genetically modified tomato plants. Expression of both genes was required and sufficient to upregulate the flavonoid pathway in tomato fruit flesh, a tissue that normally does not produce any flavonoids. These fruit accumulated high levels of the flavonol kaempferol and, to a lesser extent, the flavanone naringenin in their flesh. All flavonoids detected were present as glycosides. Anthocyanins, previously reported to accumulate upon LC expression in several plant species, were present in LC/C1 tomato leaves but could not be detected in ripe LC/C1 fruit. RNA expression analysis of ripening fruit revealed that, with the exception of chalcone isomerase, all of the structural genes required for the production of kaempferol-type flavonols and pelargonidin-type anthocyanins were induced strongly by the LC/C1 transcription factors. Expression of the genes encoding flavanone-3'-hydroxylase and flavanone-3'5'-hydroxylase, which are required for the modification of B-ring hydroxylation patterns, was not affected by LC/C1. Comparison of flavonoid profiles and gene expression data between tomato leaves and fruit indicates that the absence of anthocyanins in LC/C1 fruit is attributable primarily to an insufficient expression of the gene encoding flavanone-3'5'-hydroxylase, in combination with a strong preference of the tomato dihydroflavonol reductase enzyme to use the flavanone-3'5'-hydroxylase reaction product dihydromyricetin as a substrate.
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