ArticleDiabetes2002
Independent association of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease with myocardial insulin resistance.
Article in Diabetes, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04183868 (Comparative Effects of Empagliflozin Versus Glimepiride After 26-weeks of Treatment Add on Metformin on Myocardial Metabolic Rate of Glucose Estimated Through 18FDG-PET in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effects of Empagliflozin Versus Glimepiride After 26-weeks of Treatment Add on Metformin on Myocardial Metabolic Rate of Glucose Estimated Through 18FDG-PET in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exenatide and glucagon co-infusion increases myocardial glucose uptake and improves markers of diastolic dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effects of 26 weeks of treatment with empagliflozin versus glimepiride on the myocardial glucose metabolic rate in patients with type 2 diabetes: The randomized, open-label, crossover, active-comparator FIORE trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Combination GLP-1 and Insulin Treatment Fails to Alter Myocardial Fuel Selection vs. Insulin Alone in Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Trial
- Empagliflozin decreases remnant-like particle cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients with insulin resistance.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2018Trial
- Sprint interval training decreases left-ventricular glucose uptake compared to moderate-intensity continuous training in subjects with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2016Trial
- Incidence of stunned, hibernating and scarred myocardium in ischaemic cardiomyopathy.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2005Trial
- Insulin resistance in the 21st century: new takes on an old problem-2025 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Association between liver fibrosis severity and impaired myocardial glucose metabolism in subjects with different degrees of glucose tolerance.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Machine Learning-Informed Nano Co-Assembly Inhibits Fibroblast Activation Protein and Improves Drug Delivery in Fibrotic Tissue.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is associated with decreased myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in individuals with different glucose tolerance status.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Empagliflozin in diabetic cardiomyopathy: elucidating mechanisms, therapeutic potentials, and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Elevated whole blood viscosity is associated with an impaired insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose metabolism.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Human cardiac metabolism.Cell metabolism · 2024Review
- Sex-specific differences in myocardial glucose metabolic rate in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Targeting lncRNA MALAT1: A Promising Approach to Overcome Metabolic Syndrome.International journal of endocrinology · 2024Review
- Cardiac Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in the Heart as an Initiating Event in the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Insights into Insulin Resistance and Calcification in the Myocardium in Type 2 Diabetes: A Coronary Artery Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clustering of classical cardiovascular risk factors is insufficient to account for the excess coronary artery disease (CAD) of patients with diabetes, and chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR) are obvious culprits. Whole-body and skeletal muscle IR is characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes, but whether it extends to the normally contracting cardiac muscle is controversial. We investigated whether type 2 diabetes is associated with myocardial IR independent of CAD in a case-control series (n = 55) of male nondiabetic and diabetic (type 2 and type 1) patients with or without angiographically documented CAD. Baseline blood flow ((15)O-water) and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake ((18)F-fluoro-deoxyglucose) during euglycemic (5.6 mmol/l), physiological hyperinsulinemia (40 mU x min(-1) x m(-2) insulin clamp) were measured by positron emission tomography in skeletal muscle and normally contracting myocardium. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake was reduced in association with both CAD and type 2 diabetes. In regions with normal baseline perfusion, insulin-mediated myocardial glucose uptake was reduced in non-CAD type 2 diabetic (0.36 +/- 0.14 micro mol x min(-1). g(-1)) and nondiabetic CAD patients (0.44 +/- 0.15 micro mol x min(- 1) x g(-1)) in comparison with healthy control subjects (0.61 +/- 0.08) or with non-CAD type 1 diabetic patients (0.80 +/- 0.13; P < 0.001 for both CAD and diabetes). Neither basal skeletal muscle nor basal myocardial blood flow differed across groups; both skeletal muscle and myocardial IR were directly related to whole-body IR. We conclude that type 2 diabetes is specifically associated with myocardial IR that is independent of and nonadditive with angiographic CAD and proportional to skeletal muscle and whole-body IR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.