ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2002
The dual function of the splenic marginal zone: essential for initiation of anti-TI-2 responses but also vital in the general first-line defense against blood-borne antigens.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in mouse and human nonmemory B cell pools.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Quorum sensing underlies the establishment and maintenance of marginal zone B cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Defining the Role of Marginal Zone B Cells in FVIII Inhibitor Development.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Activation of B1 B cells by F. tularensis atypical LPS depends on classical complement and C3a.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Clinical relevance of the compartments and lymphocyte subsets in the human spleen.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Case Report: The effect of asplenia on the response to influenza vaccination and passive transfer of immunity in an adult female pig.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Recent trends in organ-preserving pancreatectomy: Its problems and clinical advantages compared with other standard pancreatectomies.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2024Review
- Revitalize splenic functions. Following a splenectomy for trauma, a small amount of splenic autotransplantation was performed.BMC surgery · 2023Article
- Activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by unswitched memory B cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cytokine Storm-Definition, Causes, and Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Lethal Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an asplenic patient.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Platelets get particular.Blood · 2022Article
- A higher dose of PEGylated gold nanoparticles reduces the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon effect and induces spleen B lymphocytes in albino mice.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2022Article
- Targeting Bcl6 in the TREX1 D18N murine model ameliorates autoimmunity by modulating T-follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Glutathione-dependent redox balance characterizes the distinct metabolic properties of follicular and marginal zone B cells.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Review
- Glycoconjugate Vaccines for Prevention ofRussian journal of bioorganic chemistry · 2021Article
- The human spleen as the center of the blood defense system.International journal of hematology · 2020Review
- Single segment of spleen autotransplantation, after splenectomy for trauma, can restore splenic functions.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2020Article
- Post-splenectomy Sepsis: A Review of the Literature.Cureus · 2020Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The splenic marginal zone (S-MZ) is especially well equipped for rapid humoral responses and is unique in its ability to initiate an immune response to encapsulated bacteria (T-cell independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens). Because of the rapid spreading through the blood, infections with blood-borne bacteria form a major health risk. To cope with blood-borne antigens, a system is needed that can respond rapidly to a great diversity of organisms. Because of a number of unique features, S-MZ B cells can respond rapid and efficient to all sorts of blood-borne antigens. These unique features include a low blood flow microenvironment, low threshold for activation, high expression of complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) and multireactivity. Because of the unique high expression of CD21 in a low flow compartment, S-MZ B cells can bind and respond to TI-2 antigens even with relatively low-avid B cell receptors. Although TI-2 antigens are in general poorly opsonized by classic opsonins, a particular characteristic of these antigens is their ability to bind very rapidly to complement fragment C3d without the necessity of previous immunoglobulin binding. TI-2 primed S-MZ B cells, already by first passage through the germinal centre, will meet antigen-C3d complexes bound to follicular dendritic cells, allowing unique immediate isotype switching. This explains that the primary humoral response to TI-2 antigens is unique in its characterization by a rapid increase in IgM concurrent with IgG antibody levels.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.