ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a pivotal role in immunity against Salmonella typhimurium.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- MIF Regulates the Th17/Treg Ratio to Exacerbate Kidney Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): a Janus-faced cytokine in viral pathogenesis and host defense.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the tumor ecosystem: a tale of inflammation, immune escape, and tumor growth.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2) in Infections: A Clinical Perspective.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Severe heat stress modulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor pathway in rat liver.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2022Article
- Modulatory role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor on cytokines and clinical features of sarcoidosis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The IL-25-dependent tuft cell circuit driven by intestinal helminths requires macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- Morning Cortisol and Circulating Inflammatory Cytokine Levels: A Mendelian Randomisation Study.Genes · 2022Article
- The Role of MIF and IL-10 as Molecular Yin-Yang in the Modulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment During Infections: African Trypanosome Infections as a Paradigm.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The multifaceted roles of NLRP3-modulating proteins in virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Role of Host and Parasite MIF Cytokines duringTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Review
- Mitochondrial DNA alterations in aged macrophage migration inhibitory factor-knockout mice.Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2019Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates innate γδ T-cell responsesFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- MiRNA Regulation of MIF in SLE and Attenuation of Murine Lupus Nephritis With miR-654.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Vaccination against Salmonella Infection: the Mucosal Way.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2017Review
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency enhances immune response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.Mucosal immunology · 2017Article
- Leishmania-encoded orthologs of macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulate host immunity to promote parasite persistence.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2016Article
- MIF: Implications in the Pathoetiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Down-regulation of MIF by NFκB under hypoxia accelerated neuronal loss during stroke.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exerts a multitude of biological functions. Notably, it induces inflammation at the interface between the immune system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress axis. The role of MIF in infectious diseases is not understood completely. Here, we show that MIF-deficient (MIF(-/-)) knockout mice fail to control an infection with wild-type Salmonella typhimurium. Increased susceptibility was accompanied by a reduced Th1 response, demonstrated by decreased levels of IL-12, IFNgamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In Salmonella-infected MIF(-/-) mice, levels of IL-1beta were markedly increased. Additionally, infected MIF(-/-) mice showed elevated serum levels of nitric oxide and corticosterone as compared with control mice. Our results point to MIF as a key mediator in the host response to S. typhimurium. MIF not only promotes development of a protective Th1 response but ameliorates disease by altering levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates and corticosteroid hormones, which both exert immunosuppressive functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.