ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2002
The myostatin gene is a downstream target gene of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MyoD.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Muscle-specific differences in MyHC isoform abundance, metabolic profile and gene expression in cattle.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identification and bioinformatic functional analysis of novel and known polymorphisms in the myostatin gene of Ukrainian Carpathian Mountain sheep.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Smad2/3 Signaling Mediates the Atrophic Response in Vocal Fold Myoblasts In Vitro.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Review
- Mammalian ubiquitous promoter isolated from proximal regulatory region of bovine MSTN gene.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression is upregulated in aged human adults with excess adiposity but is not associated with insulin resistance and ageing.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Regulation of Myostatin on the Growth and Development of Skeletal Muscle.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Beyond the Big Five: Investigating Myostatin Structure, Polymorphism and Expression inFrontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- miR-181b-5p May Regulate Muscle Growth in Tilapia by Targeting Myostatin b.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Myostatin gene promoter: structure, conservation and importance as a target for muscle modulation.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2019Review
- Viral infection upregulates myostatin promoter activity in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).PloS one · 2017Article
- The function of myostatin in the regulation of fat mass in mammals.Nutrition & metabolism · 2017Review
- Isozygous and selectable marker-free MSTN knockout cloned pigs generated by the combined use of CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/LoxP.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Genome-wide evolutionary and functional analysis of the Equine Repetitive Element 1: an insertion in the myostatin promoter affects gene expression.BMC genetics · 2015Article
- Haplotype diversity in the equine myostatin gene with focus on variants associated with race distance propensity and muscle fiber type proportions.Animal genetics · 2014Article
- The effects of exogenous cortisol on myostatin transcription in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology · 2014Article
- Endocrine regulation of fetal skeletal muscle growth: impact on future metabolic health.The Journal of endocrinology · 2014Review
- Myostatin induces insulin resistance via Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (Cblb)-mediated degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein in response to high calorie diet intake.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myostatin is a negative regulator of myogenesis, and inactivation of myostatin leads to heavy muscle growth. Here we have cloned and characterized the bovine myostatin gene promoter. Alignment of the upstream sequences shows that the myostatin promoter is highly conserved during evolution. Sequence analysis of 1.6 kb of the bovine myostatin gene upstream region revealed that it contains 10 E-box motifs (E1 to E10), arranged in three clusters, and a single MEF2 site. Deletion and mutation analysis of the myostatin gene promoter showed that out of three important E boxes (E3, E4, and E6) of the proximal cluster, E6 plays a significant role in the regulation of a reporter gene in C(2)C(12) cells. We also demonstrate by band shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay that the E6 E-box motif binds to MyoD in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, cotransfection experiments indicate that among the myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD preferentially up-regulates myostatin promoter activity. Since MyoD expression varies during the myoblast cell cycle, we analyzed the myostatin promoter activity in synchronized myoblasts and quiescent "reserve" cells. Our results suggest that myostatin promoter activity is relatively higher during the G(1) phase of the cell cycle, when MyoD expression levels are maximal. However, in the reserve cells, which lack MyoD expression, a significant reduction in the myostatin promoter activity is observed. Taken together, these results suggest that the myostatin gene is a downstream target gene of MyoD. Since the myostatin gene is implicated in controlling G(1)-to-S progression of myoblasts, MyoD could be triggering myoblast withdrawal from the cell cycle by regulating myostatin gene expression.
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