ArticleJournal of virology2002
Adaptation of alphaviruses to heparan sulfate: interaction of Sindbis and Semliki forest viruses with liposomes containing lipid-conjugated heparin.
Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chikungunya Virus E2 N218K Enhances Heparan Sulfate-Dependent Attachment and Viral Internalization While Conferring Partial Attenuation in A129 Mice.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pathogens that infect mammalian cells via sulfonated glycosaminoglycans.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Insights into mosquito-borne arbovirus receptors.Cell insight · 2024Review
- Dynamin independent endocytosis is an alternative cell entry mechanism for multiple animal viruses.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Pteropine orthoreoviruses use cell surface heparan sulphate as an attachment receptor.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Entry receptors - the gateway to alphavirus infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- TLR4 is one of the receptors for Chikungunya virus envelope protein E2 and regulates virus induced pro-inflammatory responses in host macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Coreceptor functions of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2022Review
- Is heparan sulfate a target for inhibition of RNA virus infection?American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2022Review
- Glycosaminoglycan binding by arboviruses: a cautionary tale.The Journal of general virology · 2022Review
- Extracellular acidosis enhances Zika virus infection both in human cells and ex-vivo tissue cultures from female reproductive tract.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
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- Natural and Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Isolates Rapidly EvolveJournal of virology · 2021Article
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- The Structural Biology of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, an Emerging Viral Threat.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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- Chikungunya Virus Strains from Each Genetic Clade Bind Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Attachment Factors.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- SARS-CoV-2 growth, furin-cleavage-site adaptation and neutralization using serum from acutely infected hospitalized COVID-19 patients.The Journal of general virology · 2020Article
- A molecular understanding of alphavirus entry.PLoS pathogens · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Passage of Sindbis virus (SIN) in BHK-21 cells has been shown to select for virus mutants with high affinity for the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS). Three loci in the viral spike protein E2 (E2:1, E2:70, and E2:114) have been identified that mutate during adaptation and independently confer on the virus the ability to bind to cell surface HS (W. B. Klimstra, K. D. Ryman, and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 72:7357-7366, 1998). In this study, we used HS-adapted SIN mutants to evaluate a new model system involving target liposomes containing lipid-conjugated heparin (HepPE) as an HS receptor analog for the virus. HS-adapted SIN, but not nonadapted wild-type SIN TR339, interacted efficiently with HepPE-containing liposomes at neutral pH. Binding was competitively inhibited by soluble heparin. Despite the efficient binding of HS-adapted SIN to HepPE-containing liposomes at neutral pH, there was no fusion under these conditions. Fusion did occur, however, at low pH, consistent with cellular entry of the virus via acidic endosomes. At low pH, wild-type or HS-adapted SIN underwent fusion with liposomes with or without HepPE with similar kinetics, suggesting that interaction with the HS receptor analog at neutral pH has little influence on subsequent fusion of SIN at low pH. Finally, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), passaged frequently on BHK-21 cells, also interacted efficiently with HepPE-containing liposomes, indicating that SFV, like other alphaviruses, readily adapts to cell surface HS. In conclusion, the liposomal model system presented in this paper may serve as a novel tool for the study of receptor interactions and membrane fusion properties of HS-interacting enveloped viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.