ArticleInfection and immunity2002
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome in human macrophages is isolated from the host cell cytoplasm.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acidic pH Restricts Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Replication.Molecular microbiology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Nutritional Immunity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lactate oxidation facilitates growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- pH-Responsive Isoniazid-Loaded Nanoparticles Markedly Improve Tuberculosis Treatment in Mice.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2015Article
- Escape from the Phagosome: The Explanation for MHC-I Processing of Mycobacterial Antigens?Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a dynamic view of biomarker discovery.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2011Review
- The Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin phagosome proteome.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2010Article
- Atg5-independent sequestration of ubiquitinated mycobacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
- The metabolic activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, assessed by use of a novel inducible GFP expression system, correlates with its capacity to inhibit phagosomal maturation and acidification in human macrophages.Molecular microbiology · 2008Article
- Regulation of vacuolar pH and its modulation by some microbial species.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2007Review
- Virulent and avirulent strains of Francisella tularensis prevent acidification and maturation of their phagosomes and escape into the cytoplasm in human macrophages.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Transcriptional Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within Macrophages: Insights into the Phagosomal Environment.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2003Article
- Glutamine synthetase GlnA1 is essential for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human THP-1 macrophages and guinea pigs.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
- Phagosome maturation: a few bugs in the system.The Journal of membrane biology · 2003Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Knowledge of whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides within a relatively impermeable membrane-bound vacuole or is free within the cytoplasm within its host cell is central to an understanding of the immunobiology of this intracellular parasite but is a matter of controversy. To explore this issue, we assessed the accessibility of medium-size protein molecules (Fab fragments of 50,000 Da) to M. tuberculosis within human macrophages. We infected the macrophages with wild-type or green fluorescent protein-expressing M. tuberculosis, microinjected Fab fragments directed against a major surface antigen of M. tuberculosis into the host cell, and assayed the accessibility of the bacteria to the Fab fragments by both immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy. Whereas microinjected intact immunoglobulin G molecules against cytoplasmic early endosomal antigen 1 readily stained this antigen, microinjected Fab fragments against M. tuberculosis did not stain the bacterium within its phagosome. In contrast, microinjected Fab fragments against Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular bacterium known to permeabilize its phagosomal membrane, strongly stained this bacterium. Our study shows that M. tuberculosis resides in an isolated phagosome that is relatively impermeable to cytoplasmic constituents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.