ArticleInfection and immunity2002
Cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin activate human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and dominantly inhibit cytokine production through a cyclic AMP-dependent pathway.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- MVA-Spike encoding the A subunit of dmLT safely enhances systemic and mucosal immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Decreases Macrophage Phagocytosis of EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- New-age vaccine adjuvants, their development, and future perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Effects of therapeutic vaccination on the control of SIV in rhesus macaques with variable responsiveness to antiretroviral drugs.PloS one · 2021Article
- dmLT Adjuvant Enhances Cytokine Responses to T Cell Stimuli, Whole Cell Vaccine Antigens and Lipopolysaccharide in Both Adults and Infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Requirement for Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A-Dependent Canonical NFκB Signaling in the Adjuvant Action of Cholera Toxin and Its Non-toxic Derivative mmCT.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT.mSphere · 2018Review
- Induction of Dendritic Cell Maturation and Activation by a Potential Adjuvant, 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- The catalytic A1 domains of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin are potent DNA adjuvants that evoke mixed Th1/Th17 cellular immune responses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Epigenetic programming of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and trained innate immunity.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- Parenteral Adjuvant Effects of an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Natural Heat-Labile Toxin Variant.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Article
- Escherichia coli heat-labile detoxified enterotoxin modulates dendritic cell function and attenuates allergic airway inflammation.PloS one · 2014Article
- Cholera toxin directly enhances IL-17A production from human CD4+ T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Review
- Regulation of Toll-like receptor 4-mediated immune responses through Pasteurella multocida toxin-induced G protein signalling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2012Article
- The A subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin functions as a mucosal adjuvant and promotes IgG2a, IgA, and Th17 responses to vaccine antigens.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Article
- Adjuvant activity of the catalytic A1 domain of cholera toxin for retroviral antigens delivered by GeneGun.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Article
- Crosstalk between PKA and Epac regulates the phenotypic maturation and function of human dendritic cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are powerful mucosal adjuvants whose cellular targets and mechanism of action are unknown. There is emerging evidence that dendritic cells (DC) are one of the principal cell types that mediate the adjuvant effects of these toxins in vivo. Here we investigate the effects of CT and LT on the maturation of human monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) in vitro. We found that an enzymatically active A domain is necessary for both CT and LT to induce the maturation of MDDC and that this activation is strictly cyclic AMP (cAMP) dependent. ADP-ribosylation-defective derivatives of these toxins failed to induce maturation of MDDC, whereas dibutyryl-cyclic-3',5'-AMP and Forskolin mimic the maturation of MDDC induced by CT and LT. In addition, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent kinases, Rp-8-Br-cAMPs, blocked the ability of CT, LT, and Forskolin to activate MDDC. CT, LT, dibutyryl-cyclic-3',5'-AMP, and Forskolin also dominantly inhibit interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production by MDDC in the presence of saturating concentrations of lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, these results show that the effects of CT and LT on MDDC are mediated by cAMP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.