ArticleImmunology2002
Expression and regulation of the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor-2 and Toll-like receptor-4 in the human placenta.
Article in Immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Extreme Prematurity, Chorioamnionitis, and Sepsis on Neonatal Monocyte Characteristics and Functions.Journal of innate immunity · 2024Trial
- A novel modulator of IL-6R prevents inflammation-induced preterm birth and improves newborn outcome.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- TLR2 and TLR4 bridge physiological and pathological inflammation in the reproductive system.Communications biology · 2025Review
- Identification of metabolism-related subtypes and feature genes of pre-eclampsia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Innate Immune Mechanisms in Normal and Adverse Pregnancy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- The Placenta as an Immunological Environment.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Pulmonary maternal immune activation does not cross the placenta but leads to fetal metabolic adaptation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Cytokine quantification and association with cervical length in a prospective cohort of pregnant women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Transplacental Transmission: A Rare Occurrence? An Overview of the Protective Role of the Placenta.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Gene loss and co-option of toll-like receptors facilitate paternal immunological adaptation in the brood pouch of pregnant male seahorses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The increased cfRNA of TNFSF4 in peripheral blood at late gestation and preterm labor: its implication as a noninvasive biomarker for premature delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Effects of prenatal opioid and alcohol exposures on immune and serotonin factors in human placenta.Experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of immune regulation by the placenta: Role of type I interferon and interferon-stimulated genes signaling during pregnancy.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Association of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Expression in Placenta and Intrauterine Exposure to Hepatitis B Virus.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Understanding the Immune System in Fetal Protection and Maternal Infections during Pregnancy.Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
- The Immunology of Syncytialized Trophoblast.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Low AbundanceFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Human Placental Trophoblasts Infected byFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Perinatal Inflammation Reprograms Neuroendocrine, Immune, and Reproductive Functions: Profile of Cytokine Biomarkers.Inflammation · 2020Review
- A Message from the Human Placenta: Structural and Immunomodulatory Defense against SARS-CoV-2.Cells · 2020Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The placenta constitutes a physical and immunological barrier against invading infectious agents and has been suggested to be a pregnancy-specific component of the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and regulation of Toll-like receptors-2 and -4 (TLR2 and TLR4) in the human placenta, because these receptors are believed to be important for immune responses against pathogens. Twenty-eight placentas from normal term pregnancies were analysed with immunohistochemistry, which showed a strong immunoreactivity for TLR2 and TLR4 in the villous and the intermediate trophoblasts. The regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 by microbial stimulus was assessed by incubating explants of term chorionic villi with zymosan or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analysed with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Stimulation with zymosan and LPS readily induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 cytokine production in the placenta cultures, whereas TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression remained at the same high level as in unstimulated explants. These data suggests a novel mechanism for the fetoplacental unit to interact with micro-organisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.