ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2002
The repressor activity of Even-skipped is highly conserved, and is sufficient to activate engrailed and to regulate both the spacing and stability of parasegment boundaries.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Compensatory action of different types of cis-regulatory elements buffers the striped expression of Drosophila pair-rule genes.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- An insulator blocks access to enhancers by an illegitimate promoter, preventing repression by transcriptional interference.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- Quantitative analysis reveals genotype- and domain- specific differences between mRNA and protein expression of segmentation genes in Drosophila.Developmental biology · 2019Article
- Inference of Transcription Factor Regulation Patterns Using Gene Expression Covariation in Natural Populations ofBiophysics · 2018Article
- Dynamic patterning by the Drosophila pair-rule network reconciles long-germ and short-germ segmentation.PLoS biology · 2017Article
- Expression of segment polarity genes in brachiopods supports a non-segmental ancestral role of engrailed for bilaterians.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Odd-paired controls frequency doubling ineLife · 2016Article
- Predicting Ancestral Segmentation Phenotypes from Drosophila to Anopheles Using In Silico Evolution.PLoS genetics · 2016Article
- Natural variation of the expression pattern of the segmentation gene even-skipped in melanogaster.Developmental biology · 2015Article
- Article
- Naturally occurring deletions of hunchback binding sites in the even-skipped stripe 3+7 enhancer.PloS one · 2014Article
- Article
- Lack of tailless leads to an increase in expression variability in Drosophila embryos.Developmental biology · 2013Article
- Engrailed cooperates directly with Extradenticle and Homothorax on a distinct class of homeodomain binding sites to repress sloppy paired.Developmental biology · 2012Article
- Consequences of eukaryotic enhancer architecture for gene expression dynamics, development, and fitness.PLoS genetics · 2011Article
- How to make stripes: deciphering the transition from non-periodic to periodic patterns in Drosophila segmentation.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2011Article
- Induction and patterning of trunk and tail neural ectoderm by the homeobox gene eve1 in zebrafish embryos.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2010Article
- Embryonic even skipped-dependent muscle and heart cell fates are required for normal adult activity, heart function, and lifespan.Circulation research · 2005Article
- Functional evolution of a cis-regulatory module.PLoS biology · 2005Article
- Drawing lines in the sand: even skipped et al. and parasegment boundaries.Developmental biology · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
During segmentation of the Drosophila embryo, even skipped is required to activate engrailed stripes and to organize odd-numbered parasegments. A 16 kb transgene containing the even skipped coding region can rescue normal engrailed expression, as well as all other aspects of segmentation, in even skipped null mutants. To better understand its mechanism of action, we functionally dissected the Even-skipped protein in the context of this transgene. We found that Even-skipped utilizes two repressor domains to carry out its function. Each of these domains can function autonomously in embryos when fused with the Gal4 DNA-binding domain. A chimeric protein consisting only of the Engrailed repressor domain and the Even-skipped homeodomain, but not the homeodomain alone, was able to restore function, indicating that the repression of target genes is sufficient for even skipped function at the blastoderm stage, while the homeodomain is sufficient to recognize those target genes. When Drosophila Even skipped was replaced by its homologs from other species, including a mouse homolog, they could provide substantial function, indicating that these proteins can recognize similar target sites and also provide repressor activity. Using this rescue system, we show that broad, early even skipped stripes are sufficient for activation of both odd- and even-numbered engrailed stripes. Furthermore, these 'unrefined' stripes organize odd-numbered parasegments in a dose-dependent manner, while the refined, late stripes, which coincide cell-for-cell with parasegment boundaries, are required to ensure the stability of the boundaries.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.