ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
A functional polymorphism in the promoter of the progesterone receptor gene associated with endometrial cancer risk.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Progesterone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk.Endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Association of the PROGINS PgR polymorphism with susceptibility to female reproductive cancer: A meta-analysis of 30 studies.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Cross-cancer pleiotropic analysis of endometrial cancer: PAGE and E2C2 consortia.Carcinogenesis · 2014Pooled it
- Progesterone receptor PROGINS and +331G/A polymorphisms confer susceptibility to ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis based on 17 studies.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Association of +331G/A PgR polymorphism with susceptibility to female reproductive cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Progesterone receptor polymorphisms and clinical response to 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2011Trial
- A prospective study of androgen levels, hormone-related genes and risk of rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2009Trial
- Progesterone receptor variants and hormone therapy use in postmenopausal endometrial polyps: a case-control study.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Split Decisions in Hormone Signaling: Distinct Roles for Progesterone Receptor Isoforms in Breast Cancer Biology.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Isoform-Specific Gene Regulation by Progesterone Receptors Drives Divergent Phenotypes in Breast Cancer Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Association of mutation and expression of the brother of the regulator of imprinted sites (BORIS) gene with breast cancer progression.Oncotarget · 2023Article
- Involvement of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ovarian poor response.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2021Article
- Genetic variations in estrogen and progesterone pathway genes in preeclampsia patients and controls in Bavaria.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2021Article
- Progesterone Receptor Gene Variants in Metastatic Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer.Hormones & cancer · 2020Article
- Progesterone and Breast Cancer: an NCI Workshop Report.Hormones & cancer · 2020Article
- Differential expression of progesterone receptor isoforms related toInternational journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2019Article
- Water Pharmacophore: Designing Ligands using Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Water.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Candidate SNP markers of reproductive potential are predicted by a significant change in the affinity of TATA-binding protein for human gene promoters.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Combined Effect of the PGR +331C > T, CYP17A1 -34A > G and CYP19A1 1531G > A Polymorphisms on the Risk of Developing Endometriosis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Excessive estrogen stimulation unopposed by progesterone strongly predisposes to endometrial cancer. Because the antiproliferative effect of progesterone requires the progesterone receptor (PR), which exists in two isoforms, PR-A and -B, we reasoned that variants in the PR gene may predispose to endometrial cancer. We found six variable sites, including four polymorphisms in the hPR gene and five common haplotypes. One promoter region polymorphism, +331G/A, creates a unique transcription start site. Biochemical assays showed that the +331G/A polymorphism increases transcription of the PR gene, favoring production of hPR-B in an endometrial cancer cell line. Using a case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study cohort, we observed a statistically significant association between the +331G/A polymorphism and the risk of endometrial cancer, which was even greater in overweight women carriers. After including a second population of controls, these associations remained intact. Our findings suggest that the +331G/A hPR gene polymorphism may contribute to endometrial cancer risk by increasing expression of the hPR-B isoform.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.