ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2002
I-PLA(2) activation during apoptosis promotes the exposure of membrane lysophosphatidylcholine leading to binding by natural immunoglobulin M antibodies and complement activation.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Efferocytosis: The Janus-Faced Gatekeeper of Aging and Tumor Fate.Aging cell · 2025Review
- Efferocytosis: a therapeutic strategy for diabetes and its vascular complications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
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- "Find Me" and "Eat Me" signals: tools to drive phagocytic processes for modulating antitumor immunity.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Review
- Natural antibodies are required for clearance of necrotic cells and recovery from acute liver injury.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- The intricate interplay between ferroptosis and efferocytosis in cancer: unraveling novel insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles arising from apoptosis: forms, functions, and applications.The Journal of pathology · 2023Review
- New Pieces for an Old Puzzle: Approaching Parkinson's Disease from Translatable Animal Models, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Lipidomics.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Broad responses to chemical adducts shape the natural antibody repertoire in early infancy.Science advances · 2023Article
- Efferocytosis: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Complications.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- Effect of diabetes on efferocytosis process.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- Mesangial IgM deposition predicts renal outcome in patients with IgA nephropathy: a multicenter, observational study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2021Observational
- Review
- The role of oxidised self-lipids and alveolar macrophage CD1b expression in COPD.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Phagocytic Code Regulating Phagocytosis of Mammalian Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2020Review
- Is There a Role for Natural Antibodies in Rejection Following Transplantation?Transplantation · 2019Review
- Vaccination against atherosclerosis.Current opinion in immunology · 2019Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Deficiency of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M is associated with the development of a lupus-like disease in mice. Recent studies suggest that classical complement components facilitate the clearance of apoptotic cells and that failure to do so predisposes mice to lupus. Since IgM is a potent activator of the classical complement pathway, we examined IgM binding to dying cells. IgM, but not IgG, bound to apoptotic T cells through the Fab' portion of the antibody. Exposure of apoptotic cell membranes to phospholipase (PL) A2 increased, whereas PLD reduced, IgM binding and complement activation. Absorption studies combined with direct plate binding assays, revealed that IgM antibodies failed to bind to phosphatidyl lipids, but did recognize lysophosphatidylcholine and the phosphorylcholine head group. Both iPLA(2) and cPLA(2) are activated during apoptosis. Since inhibition of iPLA2, but not cPLA2, attenuated IgM binding to apoptotic cells, these results strongly suggest that the endogenous calcium independent PLA(2), iPLA(2), is involved in the hydrolysis of plasma membrane phospholipids and exposure of the epitope(s) recognized by IgM. We propose that recognition of dying cells by natural IgM antibodies is, in part, responsible for complement activation on dying cells leading to their safe clearance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.