ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2002
Bacillus species are present in chewing tobacco sold in the United States and evoke plasma exudation from the oral mucosa.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of sudanese chewing tobacco toombak on oral bacteria - a culture-based pilot study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Viable, Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Recovered from E-Liquids Used with Commercial Electronic Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Microorganisms: crucial players of smokeless tobacco for several health attributes.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- A roadmap from unknowns to knowns: Advancing our understanding of the microbiomes of commercially available tobacco products.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Bacteriome of Moist Smokeless Tobacco Products Consumed in India With Emphasis on the Predictive Functional Potential.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- The ultra-structural, metabolomic and metagenomic characterisation of the sudanese smokeless tobacco 'Toombak'.Toxicology reports · 2021Article
- Smokeless Tobacco Products (STPs) Harbour Bacterial Populations with Potential for Oral Carcinogenicity.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- An exploration of smokeless tobacco product nucleic acids: a combined metagenome and metatranscriptome analysis.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Bacterial contamination of packaged smokeless tobacco sold in India.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2020Article
- Smokeless tobacco products harbor diverse bacterial microbiota that differ across products and brands.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2017Article
- Article
- Bacterial Populations Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Selected Smokeless Tobacco Products Using 16S rDNA Analysis.PloS one · 2016Article
- Cigarette smoke, bacteria, mold, microbial toxins, and chronic lung inflammation.Journal of oncology · 2011Article
- Review: Is lung inflammation associated with microbes and microbial toxins in cigarette tobacco smoke?Immunologic research · 2010Review
- Human pathogens abundant in the bacterial metagenome of cigarettes.Environmental health perspectives · 2010Article
- Bacterial species diversity in cigarettes linked to an investigation of severe pneumonitis in U.S. Military personnel deployed in operation iraqi freedom.Current microbiology · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Five Bacillus species, predominantly Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus pumilus, were isolated from two popular brands of commercially available chewing tobacco [(5.0 +/- 1) x 10(6) CFU/ml of supernatant; results for four experiments]. Moreover, the supernatant of the Bacillus culture evoked plasma exudation from postcapillary venules in the intact hamster cheek pouch, exudation that was mediated by the kallikrein/kinin metabolic pathway. Taken together, these data indicate that Bacillus species contaminate chewing tobacco commercially available in the United States and elaborate a potent exogenous virulence factor(s) that injures the oral mucosa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.