ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2002
Spontaneous cytokine production and its effect on induced production.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic dissection of host immune response in pneumonia development and progression.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
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- Cytokine Production in Whole Blood Cells Culture of Patients with Alcohol Dependence and Autologous Plasma Oxidative Stress Markers.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2022Article
- Effector memory CD8 T cell response elicits Hepatitis E Virus genotype 3 pathogenesis in the elderly.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Anti-human Interleukin(IL)-4 Clone 8D4-8 Cross-Reacts With Myosin-9 Associated With Apoptotic Cells and Should Not Be Used for Flow Cytometry Applications Querying IL-4 Expression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Article
- Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula antigens induce Th1/Pro-inflammatory cytokine responses.Parasite immunology · 2018Article
- Protective Effect of Chronic Schistosomiasis in Baboons Coinfected with Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium knowlesi.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Synthetic Long Peptide Derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Latency Antigen Rv1733c Protects against Tuberculosis.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
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- Lassa hemorrhagic fever in a late term pregnancy from northern Sierra Leone with a positive maternal outcome: case report.Virology journal · 2011Article
- Mycobacterial antigen-induced T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic and non-diabetic tuberculosis patients and Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy subjects.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2009Article
- A distinct peripheral blood monocyte phenotype is associated with parasite inhibitory activity in acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
- Effect of leptin on activation and cytokine synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes of malnourished infected children.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2007Article
- Bovine NK cells can produce gamma interferon in response to the secreted mycobacterial proteins ESAT-6 and MPP14 but not in response to MPB70.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines regulate cellular immune activity and are produced by a variety of cells, especially lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Multiparameter flow cytometry is often used to examine cell-specific cytokine production after in vitro phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin induction, with brefeldin A or other agents added to inhibit protein secretion. Spontaneous ex vivo production reportedly rarely occurs. We examined the spontaneous production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by peripheral-blood B lymphocytes, T cells, CD8(-) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, CD3(-) CD16/56(+) lymphocytes (natural killer [NK] cells), CD3(+) CD16/56(+) lymphocytes (natural T [NT] cells), and/or monocytes of 316 acutely ill hospitalized persons and 62 healthy adults in Malawi, Africa. We also evaluated the relationship between spontaneous and induced cytokine production. In patients, spontaneous TNF-alpha production occurred most frequently, followed in descending order by IFN-gamma, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-2. Various cells of 60 patients spontaneously produced TNF-alpha; for 12 of these patients, TNF-alpha was the only cytokine produced spontaneously. Spontaneous cytokine production was most frequent in the immunoregulatory cells, NK and NT. For IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, spontaneous cytokine production was associated with greater induced production. For TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, the relationships varied by cell type. For healthy adults, IL-6 was the cytokine most often produced spontaneously. Spontaneous cytokine production was not unusual in these acutely ill and healthy persons living in an area where human immunodeficiency virus, mycobacterial, malaria, and assorted parasitic infections are endemic. In such populations, spontaneous, as well as induced, cell-specific cytokine production should be measured and evaluated in relation to various disease states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.