ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2002
In vivo activated T cells in rheumatoid synovitis. Analysis of Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production at clonal level in different stages of disease.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Baseline CXCR3ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- The Effect of α7nAChR Signaling on T Cells and Macrophages and Their Clinical Implication in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases.Neurochemical research · 2022Review
- Sex-Based Differences in the Cytokine Production and Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.Archives of rheumatology · 2020Article
- Blood chemokine profile in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis: CXCL10 as a disease activity marker.Arthritis research & therapy · 2017Article
- Ethyl Caffeate Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing Th1 Immune Response.Journal of immunology research · 2017Article
- Boi-ogi-to (TJ-20), a Kampo Formula, Suppresses the Inflammatory Bone Destruction and the Expression of Cytokines in the Synovia of Ankle Joints of Adjuvant Arthritic Rats.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2017Article
- GMediators of inflammation · 2017Article
- Role of basophils in rheumatoid arthritis (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2015Article
- Commercial bovine proteoglycan is highly arthritogenic and can be used as an alternative antigen source for PGIA model.BioMed research international · 2014Article
- The pathologic and clinical intersection of atopic and autoimmune disease.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2012Review
- Predicting the survival time for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using microarray data.Journal of molecular and genetic medicine : an international journal of biomedical research · 2012Article
- Current status and challenges of cytokine pharmacology.British journal of pharmacology · 2009Review
- Expression of microRNA-146 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue.Arthritis and rheumatism · 2008Article
- All-trans-retinoic acid suppresses interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; a possible therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology international · 2006Article
- Failure of catecholamines to shift T-cell cytokine responses toward a Th2 profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2006Article
- Differential regulation of osteoblast activity by Th cell subsets mediated by parathyroid hormone and IFN-gamma.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2005Article
- IgG subclass distribution of the rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies to citrullinated fibrin.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2005Article
- Protective effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on bone destruction in the collagen-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2005Article
- Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin.Arthritis research & therapy · 2005Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T-cell cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their detection in the joint, however, is impaired by the complex network present in the synovium. Although many synovial T cells show signs of previous activation, only a few express interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, marker of recent activation. The aim of this study was to analyse the cytokine production by in vivo activated (IL-2R +) T cells from RA at different stages of the disease. For this purpose, T cells were isolated from peripheral blood and synovial fluid of four patients with active RA, two at the onset of the disease, one in the early phase during treatment, one in long-lasting chronic phase. One patient was studied at the onset of the disease and 52 months later. Cells were initially expanded with a low dose of IL-2, cloned and analysed for cytokine production. The results showed a strong predominance of T helper (Th) 1 clones in the blood and a slight prevalence of Th0 clones in the joint of all the four patients. Interferon-gamma and IL-2 production was higher in the long-lasting RA, whereas IL-4 synthesis was prevalent in early RA. Enrichment in IL-10-producing clones was present only in the joint of the untreated patients. The longitudinal study confirmed the differences in cytokine production between early and late phases of disease. These data confirm that RA is mainly a Th1-driven condition. However, in vivo activated synovial T cells produce also Th2-type anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. The synthesis of both cytokines is a feature of the very early phase of RA, although the selective recruitment of IL-10-producing T cells is quickly lost.
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