ArticleJournal of virology2002
5'-long terminal repeat-selective CpG methylation of latent human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 provirus in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Journal of virology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Splicing-dependent restriction of the HBZ gene by Tax underlies biphasic HTLV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Intragenic viral silencer element regulates HTLV-1 latency via RUNX complex recruitment.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1.Viruses · 2024Review
- Anti-HTLV-1 immunity combined with proviral load as predictive biomarkers for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.Cancer science · 2024Article
- The Pleiotropic Effects of YBX1 on HTLV-1 Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Mouse Models for HTLV-1 Infection and Adult T Cell Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Precise excision of HTLV-1 provirus with a designer-recombinase.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Targeted zinc-finger repressors to the oncogenic HBZ gene inhibit adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) proliferation.NAR cancer · 2023Article
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- Regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 antisense promoter by myocyte enhancer factor-2C in the context of adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma.Haematologica · 2022Article
- Hijacking Host Immunity by the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1: Implications for Therapeutic and Preventive Vaccines.Viruses · 2022Review
- HTLV-1 Tax-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes in long-term survivors of aggressive-type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.Cancer medicine · 2022Observational
- Commentary on "ExRNA · 2022Article
- Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein: Post-Entry Roles in Viral Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2022Review
- Alternative RNA splicing in cancer: what about adult T-cell leukemia?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CpG methylation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) has been implicated in proviral latency, but there is presently little information available regarding the pattern of LTR methylation and its effect on viral gene expression. To gain insight into the mechanisms of HTLV-1 latency, we have studied methylation of individual CpG sites in the U3-R region of the integrated proviral LTR by using bisulfite genomic sequencing methods. Surprisingly, our results reveal selective hypermethylation of the 5' LTR and accompanying hypomethylation of the 3' LTR in both latently infected cell lines and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells having a complete provirus. Moreover, we observed a lack of CpG methylation in the LTRs of 5'-defective proviruses recovered from ATL samples, which is consistent with the selective hypomethylation of the 3' LTR. Thus, the integrated HTLV-1 provirus in these carriers appears to be hypermethylated in the 5' LTR and hypomethylated in the 3' LTR. These results, together with the observation that proviral gene expression is reactivated by 5-azacytidine in latently infected cell lines, indicate that selective hypermethylation of the HTLV-1 5' LTR is common both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, hypermethylation of the 5' LTR appears to be an important mechanism by which HTLV-1 gene expression is repressed during viral latency.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.