ArticleInfection and immunity2002
Susceptibility of interleukin-2-deficient mice to Toxoplasma gondii is associated with a defect in the production of gamma interferon.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Live-Attenuated PruΔAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation-Based Proteomic Analysis ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Intranasal immunization with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor confers protective efficacy against toxoplasmosis in mice.BMC immunology · 2016Article
- Detection and characterization of diverse coccidian protozoa shed by California sea lions.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2016Article
- CD8+ T cell immunity in an encephalitis model of Toxoplasma gondii infection.Seminars in immunopathology · 2015Review
- IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can augment their IFN-γ production independently from their proliferation in the secondary response to an intracellular pathogen.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Trefoil factor 2 negatively regulates type 1 immunity against Toxoplasma gondii.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- The CD8 T-cell road to immunotherapy of toxoplasmosis.Immunotherapy · 2011Review
- T cells need Nod too?Nature immunology · 2009Article
- T cell-intrinsic role of Nod2 in promoting type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii.Nature immunology · 2009Article
- T cell expression of MyD88 is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2008Article
- Responses to Leishmania donovani in mice deficient in interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-12/IL-23, or IL-18.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Biological role of surface Toxoplasma gondii antigen in development of vaccine.World journal of gastroenterology · 2006Article
- Localized multigene expression patterns support an evolving Th1/Th2-like paradigm in response to infections with Toxoplasma gondii and Ascaris suum.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Costimulation through the B7-CD28 interaction is an important second signal for T-cell activation, and previous studies have shown that CD28(-/-) mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii generate suboptimal CD4(+) T-cell responses, associated with a defect in production of the T-cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2). To address the role of IL-2 in the expansion of T cells during toxoplasmosis, IL-2(-/-) mice were infected with T. gondii and their ability to generate a protective T-cell response was assessed. Although IL-2(-/-) mice produced normal levels of IL-12p40, they had reduced levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in serum, had an increased parasite burden, and succumbed to infection with T. gondii within 20 days. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that, although uninfected IL-2(-/-) mice had an increased number of activated T cells compared with uninfected IL-2(+/+) mice, following infection they were unable to further upregulate this population. Examination of the ability of splenocytes from uninfected and infected mice to produce IFN-gamma revealed that IL-2(-/-) mice were hyporesponsive to stimulation with anti-CD3 or parasite antigen compared with wild-type mice, and the addition of IL-2 alone or in combination with IL-12 or stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin did not restore the production of IFN-gamma. Together, these studies reveal that IL-2(-/-) mice are unable to generate a protective IFN-gamma response following infection with T. gondii and suggest that IL-2(-/-) mice have an intrinsic defect in their ability to activate and expand IFN-gamma-producing T cells required for resistance to T. gondii.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.