ReviewJournal of anatomy2002
Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue.
Review in Journal of anatomy, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 320 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macroscopic, Histological and Ultrastructural Features of the Tongue of the Anatolian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa libycus).Microscopy research and technique · 2026Article
- Bat Tongues and Foraging: Linking Morphology to Hunting Strategies.Integrative zoology · 2026Article
- Into the belly of the brainstem: The neurons of the "extended" enteric nervous system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Functions of secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins in dental mineralization.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025Review
- Transdifferentiation of tongue muscle cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts in response to tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Functional morphological study on the tongue of the adult Egyptian geese (Alopochen egyptiacus).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Macrophage is crucial for tongue development by regulating myogenesis and vascularization.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Cerebellar control of targeted tongue movements.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Contributions and future potential of animal models for geroscience research on sensory systems.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Ecomorphological and Age-Related Adaptations in the Tongues ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Gross and scanning electron microscopic features of the oral cavity (palate, tongue, and sublingual floor) of the Egyptian long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auratus aegyptius).BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Biological aspects of the lingual papillae of the Arab Zebu cattle: a new perspicuity of its chad ecological adaptations.BMC zoology · 2024Article
- Macro- and micro-anatomical investigation of the oropharyngeal roof of landform greek tortoise (Testudo graeca graeca) and semi-aquatic red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans).BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Evolution of chemosensory tissues and cells across ecologically diverse Drosophilids.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The tongue of the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans): morphological characterization through gross, light, scanning electron, and immunofluorescence microscopic examination.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Biomechanical and Cortical Control of Tongue Movements During Chewing and Swallowing.Dysphagia · 2024Review
- The feeding apparatus of ants: an overview of structure and function.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Tongue of the Egyptian Endemic Bridled Skink (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Cetacean tongue mobility and function: A comparative review.Journal of anatomy · 2023Review
- Lingual morphology of domesticated Asian small-clawed otters in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Veterinarni medicina · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies of the comparative morphology of the tongues of living vertebrates have revealed how variations in the morphology and function of the organ might be related to evolutional events. The tongue, which plays a very important role in food intake by vertebrates, exhibits significant morphological variations that appear to represent adaptation to the current environmental conditions of each respective habitat. This review examines the fundamental importance of morphology in the evolution of the vertebrate tongue, focusing on the origin of the tongue and on the relationship between morphology and environmental conditions. Tongues of various extant vertebrates, including those of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, were analysed in terms of gross anatomy and microanatomy by light microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Comparisons of tongue morphology revealed a relationship between changes in the appearance of the tongue and changes in habitat, from a freshwater environment to a terrestrial environment, as well as a relationship between the extent of keratinization of the lingual epithelium and the transition from a moist or wet environment to a dry environment. The lingual epithelium of amphibians is devoid of keratinization while that of reptilians is keratinized to different extents. Reptiles live in a variety of habitats, from seawater to regions of high temperature and very high or very low humidity. Keratinization of the lingual epithelium is considered to have been acquired concomitantly with the evolution of amniotes. The variations in the extent of keratinization of the lingual epithelium, which is observed between various amniotes, appear to be secondary, reflecting the environmental conditions of different species.
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