Evidence map›Paper›PMID 12169615›Full record

ArticleJournal of bacteriology2002

Imbroglios of viral taxonomy: genetic exchange and failings of phenetic approaches.

Jeffrey G Lawrence, Graham F Hatfull, Roger W Hendrix

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
110citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

110 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Two novel phages infectingFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Characterization and genomic analysis of a lyticFrontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. The First Cbk-Like Phage InfectingFrontiers in microbiology · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Origin and Evolution ofMicroorganisms · 2020
    Article
  20. Article

50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jeffrey G LawrenceDepartment of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh Bacteriophage Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. jlawrenc@pitt.edu
Graham F Hatfull
Roger W Hendrix

Funding

ASSEMBLY AND STRUCTURE OF BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDAR01GM047795 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DUDA, ROBERT LOUIS · 1991 to 2017
$7.8M
GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAMBDOID, TB &OTHER BACTERIOPHAGESR01GM051975 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI HENDRIX, ROGER W · 1995 to 2007
$2.4M
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF MYCOBACTERIA AND THEIR PHAGESR01AI028927 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI HATFULL, GRAHAM F. · 1995 to 2004
$1.0M
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF MYCOBACTERIA &THEIR PHAGESR29AI028927 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI HATFULL, GRAHAM F. · 1990 to 1994
–
NIAID NIH HHS AI 28927NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI028927NIGMS NIH HHS GM 47795NIGMS NIH HHS GM 51975NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM047795NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM051975
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The practice of classifying organisms into hierarchical groups originated with Aristotle and was codified into nearly immutable biological law by Linnaeus. The heart of taxonomy is the biological species, which forms the foundation for higher levels of classification. Whereas species have long been established among sexual eukaryotes, achieving a meaningful species concept for prokaryotes has been an onerous task and has proven exceedingly difficult for describing viruses and bacteriophages. Moreover, the assembly of viral "species" into higher-order taxonomic groupings has been even more tenuous, since these groupings were based initially on limited numbers of morphological features and more recently on overall genomic similarities. The wealth of nucleotide sequence information that catalyzed a revolution in the taxonomy of free-living organisms necessitates a reevaluation of the concept of viral species, genera, families, and higher levels of classification. Just as microbiologists discarded dubious morphological traits in favor of more accurate molecular yardsticks of evolutionary change, virologists can gain new insight into viral evolution through the rigorous analyses afforded by the molecular phylogenetics of viral genes. For bacteriophages, such dissections of genomic sequences reveal fundamental flaws in the Linnaean paradigm that necessitate a new view of viral evolution, classification, and taxonomy.

Indexed as

BacteriophagesBiological EvolutionGene Transfer, HorizontalMosaicismRecombination, Genetic

Identifiers

PMID12169615
PMCPMC135278

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.