ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2002
Clinical pharmacokinetics of cytarabine formulations.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteasome inhibition in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines.Cancer investigation · 2011Trial
- A hybrid RNA-based reporter assay for robust quantification of cytidine deaminase activity.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Discovery of BEND4 as a novel single-gene prognostic marker and therapeutic target for adverse AML.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Development of cytarabine-loaded pH-responsive polymeric hydrogel: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Co-Release of Cytarabine and Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Polycaprolactone Microparticles Towards Leukemia Therapy.Polymers · 2026Article
- Cytidine and dCMP Deaminases-Current Methods of Activity Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Rapid Approach for Identifying Cell Lines Lacking Functional Cytidine Deaminase.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Synthesis and applications of cyclonucleosides: an update (2010-2023).Molecular diversity · 2024Review
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Letermovir in Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Review
- Maternal supplementation of alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates prenatal cytarabine-induced mutilation in reproductive development and function in F1 male adult rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Butterfly Effect in Cytarabine: Combined NMR-NQR Experiment, Solid-State Computational Modeling, Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships and Molecular Docking Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A new technique for the analysis of metabolic pathways of cytidine analogues and cytidine deaminase activities in cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Expression of TFRC helps to improve the antineoplastic effect of Ara-C on AML cells through a targeted delivery carrier.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- RETRACTED: Development and Evaluation of Cellulose Derivative and Pectin Based Swellable pH Responsive Hydrogel Network for Controlled Delivery of Cytarabine.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Primary ovarian insufficiency secondary to chemotherapy with inotuzumab ozogamicin and other agents.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
- Enzyme Models-From Catalysis to Prodrugs.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The evolution of nucleosidic analogues: self-assembly of prodrugs into nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery.Nanoscale advances · 2021Review
- Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Three Different Administration Routes for Topotecan Hydrochloride in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics of multivesicular liposomal encapsulated cytarabine when administered subcutaneously in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
- Liposomal Cytarabine as Cancer Therapy: From Chemistry to Medicine.Biomolecules · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside, Ara-C) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia and lymphocytic leukaemias. As cytarabine is an S-phase-specific drug, prolonged exposure of cells to cytotoxic concentrations is critical to achieve maximum cytotoxic activity. However, the activity of cytarabine is decreased by its rapid deamination to the biologically inactive metabolite uracil arabinoside. This rapid deamination is the reason for the ongoing search for effective formulations and derivatives of cytarabine that cannot be deaminated and exhibit better pharmacokinetic parameters. Protection of cytarabine from fast degradation and elimination has been investigated by encapsulating the drug into pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Cytarabine derivatives have shown promise in vitro and in animal models. For example, ancitabine (cyclocytidine), enocitabine and cytarabine ocfosfate have been used clinically in Japan. Cytarabine encapsulated into multivesicular liposomes has been approved in several countries for the intrathecal treatment of lymphomatous meningitis. Although many compounds have been investigated, few cytarabine derivatives are currently available for clinical use. Further research is needed to improve the efficacy of cytarabine against haematological and solid tumours.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.