ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2002
Hormonal regulation of mammary differentiation and milk secretion.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 607 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do Thyroid Diseases during Pregnancy and Lactation Affect the Nutritional Composition of Human Milk?Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2020Pooled it
- Does the rate of orthodontic tooth movement change during pregnancy and lactation? A systematic review of the evidence from animal studies.BMC oral health · 2020Pooled it
- Feasibility and Acceptability of Metformin to Augment Low Milk Supply: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2019Trial
- The Effects of Cysteamine Zinc Supplementation on Blood Hormones, Intestinal Flora, and Metabolites in Lactating Mares.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Effects of GABA-enriched alfalfa silage on rumen microbiota, lactation hormones, immunity, and mammary gland gene expression, alongside lactation performance in dairy goats.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Integrating Metabolomic and Proteomic Profiles Reveals the Mechanism of Dietary Energy Levels Regulating Milk Performance and Antioxidative Capabilities of Lactating Donkeys.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- ATAC-seq and RNA-seq reveal key genes and pathways regulating lactation in the mammary gland of Yili horses.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- The Emerging Role of Prolactin as a Biomarker for Reproduction, Health, and Welfare in Wildlife Species: Elephants as a Model.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Imaging and Diagnostic Tools for Cetacean Mammary Gland Assessment: Challenges and Future Directions for Marine Mammal Pathology, Medicine and Research.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2025Review
- Comparative Single-Cell Transcriptomic Landscape Reveals the Regulatory Mechanisms of Lactation during Selective Breeding in Asian Water Buffalo.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- EM Dipeptide Enhances Milk Protein Secretion: Evidence from Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Variations in Human Milk Metabolites After Gestational Diabetes: Associations with Infant Growth.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Suppression of hypothalamic oestrogenic signal sustains hyperprolactinemia and metabolic adaptation in lactating mice.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- Altered thermal preference by preoptic estrogen receptor alpha neurons in postpartum females.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- Re-embarking in ART while still breastfeeding: an unresolved question.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Review
- Effects of two different rates of body weight gain during the first trimester of pregnancy or supplementing vitamins and minerals throughout pregnancy on primiparous beef cow milk production and composition.Translational animal science · 2025Article
- The neurobiology of parenting and infant-evoked aggression.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Composition of Breast Milk in Women with Obesity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of Maternal Body Composition, Hydration, and Metabolic Health on Breastfeeding Success: A Comprehensive Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Review
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The endocrine system coordinates development of the mammary gland with reproductive development and the demand of the offspring for milk. Three categories of hormones are involved. The levels of the reproductive hormones, estrogen, progesterone, placental lactogen, prolactin, and oxytocin, change during reproductive development or function and act directly on the mammary gland to bring about developmental changes or coordinate milk delivery to the offspring. Metabolic hormones, whose main role is to regulate metabolic responses to nutrient intake or stress, often have direct effects on the mammary gland as well. The important hormones in this regard are growth hormone, corticosteroids, thyroid hormone, and insulin. A third category of hormones has recently been recognized, mammary hormones. It currently includes growth hormone, prolactin, PTHrP, and leptin. Because a full-term pregnancy in early life is associated with a reduction in breast carcinogenesis, an understanding of the mechanisms by which these hormones bring about secretory differentiation may offer clues to the prevention of breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.