ArticleNature immunology2002
DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through BLyS and APRIL.
Article in Nature immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 491 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
491 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,238 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness and safety of biologics and targeted small-molecule therapies plus stable background therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Composition and regulation of the immune microenvironment of salivary gland in Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Similarities and differences of a proliferation-inducing ligand expression in lacrimal gland lesions of patients with IgG4-associated ophthalmic diseases and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- B cell-activating factor modulates the factor VIII immune response in hemophilia A.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- A pivotal phase III, randomised, placebo-controlled study of belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus located in China, Japan and South Korea.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2018Trial
- Targeting the B-Cell Activating Factor and a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand Pathway in IgAN: From Disease Pathogenesis to Clinical Trial Evidence.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- Innate immune response to Streptococcus suis infection: advances and future challenges.Veterinary research · 2026Review
- Atlas of human gut-associated lymphoid tissue reveals immunomodulatory interactions of B cells.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cells modulate the production of mucosal IgA in IgA nephropathy.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Article
- TNFRSF13B Variant-Induced TACI Dysregulation Underlies CAEBV Pathogenesis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- TLR7/9-mediated mucosal innate immune dysregulation in IgA nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Why are long-lived plasma cells long-lived?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- BAFF in autoimmune kidney diseases: pathogenic pathways, biomarker potential, and therapeutic horizons.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Biological targeted therapy for lupus nephritis-the role of BLYS and APRIL.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Antigen-specific B cell response regulation by IL-10-producing tolerogenic dendritic cells.Science advances · 2025Article
- The Type I Interferon Axis in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: From Molecular Pathways to Targeted Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Dendritic cells: understanding ontogeny, subsets, functions, and their clinical applications.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Targeting TNF/TNFR superfamilies in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Pathogenic Immunoglobulin A-Producing Cells in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
431 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) is thought to be highly dependent upon engagement of CD40 on B cells by CD40 ligand on T cells. We show here that dendritic cells up-regulate BLyS and APRIL upon exposure to interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma or CD40 ligand. In the presence of interleukin 10 (IL-10) or transforming growth factor-beta, BLyS and APRIL induce CSR from C(mu) to C(gamma) and/or C(alpha) genes in B cells, whereas CSR to C(epsilon) requires IL-4. Secretion of class-switched antibodies requires additional stimulation by B cell antigen receptor engagement and IL-15. By eliciting CD40-independent Ig class switching and plasmacytoid differentiation, BLyS and APRIL critically link the innate and adaptive immune responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.