ReviewGenes and immunity2002
Genetics of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Review in Genes and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 355 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiota Profile in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing: A Systematic Review.Disease markers · 2020Pooled it
- Celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Characterization and meta-analysis.Saudi medical journal · 2019Pooled it
- Large-scale gene-centric meta-analysis across 39 studies identifies type 2 diabetes loci.American journal of human genetics · 2012Pooled it
- The Role of Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes: Insights into Dysbiosis and Immune Interactions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and liver disease: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and management strategies.Endocrine · 2026Review
- Prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities and association with glycemic control by CGM-derived parameters in type 1 diabetes.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Comorbidities and Their Influence on Outcomes and Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- New Perspectives in Studying Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- From Microbes to Metabolites: Advances in Gut Microbiome Research in Type 1 Diabetes.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Polyautoimmunity in adults and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: findings from a Saudi cohort.Sudanese journal of paediatrics · 2025Article
- Association of HLA Haplotypes with Autoimmune Pathogenesis in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Romanian Diabetic Children: A Pilot, Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Modeling type 1 diabetes progression using machine learning and single-cell transcriptomic measurements in human islets.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Simultaneous Pancreatic and Kidney Transplant in Adult with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Post Surgical Events and Genetic Review.Oman medical journal · 2024Article
- Murine MHC-Deficient Nonobese Diabetic Mice Carrying Human HLA-DQ8 Develop Severe Myocarditis and Myositis in Response to Anti-PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Therapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Partners in diabetes epidemic: A global perspective.World journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- Deep integrative models for large-scale human genomics.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Review
- The role of cytokines and T-bet, GATA3, ROR-γt, and FOXP3 transcription factors of T cell subsets in the natural clinical progression of Type 1 Diabetes.Immunologic research · 2023Article
- Activation of T cell checkpoint pathways during β-cell antigen presentation by engineered dendritic cells promotes protection from type 1 diabetes.Immunology · 2022Article
- Preclinical Models to Evaluate the Human Response to Autoantigen and Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy in Human Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
At least 20 different chromosomal regions have been linked to type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility in humans, using genome screening, candidate gene testing, and studies of human homologues of mouse susceptibility genes. The largest contribution from a single locus (IDDM1) comes from several genes located in the MHC complex on chromosome 6p21.3, accounting for at least 40% of the familial aggregation of this disease. Approximately 30% of T1D patients are heterozygous for HLA-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201/DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 alleles (formerly referred to as HLA-DR3/4 and for simplification usually shortened to HLA-DQ2/DQ8), and a particular HLA-DQ6 molecule (HLA-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602) is associated with dominant protection from the disease. There is evidence that certain residues important for structure and function of both HLA-DQ and DR peptide-binding pockets determine disease susceptibility and resistance. Independent confirmation of the IDDM2 locus on chromosome 11p15.5 has been achieved in both case-control and family-based studies, whereas associations with the other potential IDDM loci have not always been replicated. Several possibilities to explain these variable results from different studies are discussed, and a key factor affecting both linkage and association studies is that the genetic basis of T1D susceptibility may differ between ethnic groups. Some future strategies to address these problems are proposed. These include increasing the sample size in homogenous ethnic groups, high throughput genotyping and genomewide linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping to establish disease associated ancestral haplotypes. Elucidation of the function of particular genes ('functional genomics') in the pathogenesis of T1D will be a most important element in future studies in this field, in addition to more sophisticated methods of statistical analyses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.