ReviewJournal of human hypertension2002
The retinal renin-angiotensin system: implications for therapy in diabetic retinopathy.
Review in Journal of human hypertension, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of calcium dobesilate on progression of early diabetic retinopathy: a randomised double-blind study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2006Trial
- RAAS in diabetic retinopathy: mechanisms and therapies.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Effect of Adding Losartan to Bevacizumab for Treating Diabetic Macular Edema.Journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Emerging Concepts in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy.Current diabetes reports · 2019Review
- The Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction during the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2018Review
- Ocular kinetics and safety of intravitreally injected angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2018Article
- Therapeutic targets of renin-angiotensin system in ocular disorders.Journal of current ophthalmology · 2017Review
- Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene 2350 G/A polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese Han population.Molecular biology reports · 2013Article
- Impaired reduction of nocturnal systolic blood pressure and severity of diabetic retinopathy.Experimental and clinical cardiology · 2007Article
- Serum prorenin levels and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: new method to measure serum level of prorenin using antibody activating direct kinetic assay.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2005Article
- Update of the vascular model of AMD.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2004Article
- Early upregulation of kinin B1 receptors in retinal microvessels of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.British journal of pharmacology · 2003Article
- Retinal angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) response to hyperglycemia and an intervention with captopril.Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAASArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retinopathy is the most common complication of diabetes, and a leading cause of blindness in people of working age. Optimal blood pressure and metabolic control can reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy, but are difficult to achieve in clinical practice. In the EUCLID Study, the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril reduced the risk of progression of retinopathy by approximately 50%, and also significantly reduced the risk of progression to proliferative retinopathy. These findings are consistent with extensive evidence that the renin-angiotensin system is expressed in the eye, and that adverse effects of angiotensin II on retinal angiogenesis and function can be inhibited by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II-receptor blockers. However, in the EUCLID Study retinopathy was not a primary end-point and the study was not sufficiently powered for the eye-related outcomes. Hence, the Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) programme has been established to determine whether AT(1)-receptor blockade with candesartan can prevent the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. This programme comprises three studies, involving a total of 4500 patients recruited from about 300 centres worldwide. The patients are normotensive or treated hypertensive individuals, and so the DIRECT programme should assess the potential of an AT(1)-receptor blocker to protect against the pathological changes in the eye following diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.