ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
Biomaterial adherent macrophage apoptosis is increased by hydrophilic and anionic substrates in vivo.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and Safety of a Polyvinyl Alcohol Microsphere and Hyaluronic Acid Suspension for Chin Augmentation: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Multidisciplinary Study.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2026Trial
- Applications of Multifunctional Hydrogel in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.MedComm · 2026Review
- Emerging non-antibiotic strategies for implant-associated biofilm infections by reprogramming the dysregulated immune microenvironment.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Guidance on biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration: Fabrication methods, materials and biological considerations.Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial peptide GL13K-Modified titanium in the epigenetic regulation of osteoclast differentiation via H3K27me3.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Role of Spatial Confinement in Immune Cell Recruitment and Regeneration of Skin Wounds.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Design matters: A comparison of natural versus synthetic skin substitutes across benchtop and porcine wound healing metrics: An experimental study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Tailored biomedical materials for wound healing.Burns & trauma · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial effects of hydroxyapatite mosaicked polyvinyl alcohol-alginate semi-interpenetrating hydrogel-loaded with ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra against oral pathogens.Progress in biomaterials · 2022Article
- Immunomodulating Hydrogels as Stealth Platform for Drug Delivery Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Wearable Bioelectronics for Chronic Wound Management.Advanced functional materials · 2022Article
- Reactive oxygen species-degradable polythioketal urethane foam dressings to promote porcine skin wound repair.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
- Covalent linkage of sulfated hyaluronan to the collagen scaffold Mucograft® enhances scaffold stability and reduces proinflammatory macrophage activationBioactive materials · 2022Article
- Fibrin polymer on the surface of biomaterial implants drives the foreign body reaction.Biomaterials · 2021Article
- Toward a Better Regeneration through Implant-Mediated Immunomodulation: Harnessing the Immune Responses.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Review
- Multinucleated Giant Cells Induced by a Silk Fibroin Construct Express Proinflammatory Agents: An Immunohistological Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Dielectric Elastomer Actuators, Neuromuscular Interfaces, and Foreign Body Response in Artificial Neuromuscular Prostheses: A Review of the Literature for an In Vivo Application.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Review
- Host Response to Biomaterials for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Key to Remodeling.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Immunomodulation for maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2020Review
- Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
An in vivo rat cage implant system was used to identify potential surface chemistries that prevent failure of implanted biomedical devices and prostheses by limiting monocyte adhesion and macrophage fusion into foreign-body giant cells while inducing adherent-macrophage apoptosis. Hydrophobic, hydrophilic, anionic, and cationic surfaces were used for implantation. Analysis of the exudate surrounding the materials revealed no differences between surfaces in the types or levels of cells present. Conversely, the proportion of adherent cells undergoing apoptosis was increased significantly on anionic and hydrophilic surfaces (46 +/- 3.7 and 57 +/- 5.0%, respectively) when compared with the polyethylene terephthalate base surface. Additionally, hydrophilic and anionic substrates provided decreased rates of monocyte/macrophage adhesion and fusion. These studies demonstrate that biomaterial-adherent cells undergo material-dependent apoptosis in vivo, rendering potentially harmful macrophages nonfunctional while the surrounding environment of the implant remains unaffected.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.