ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2002
Comparison of visual and spectrophotometric methods of broth microdilution MIC end point determination and evaluation of a sterol quantitation method for in vitro susceptibility testing of fluconazole and itraconazole against trailing and nontrailing Candida isolates.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Instability and Subpopulation Dynamics of Azole Trailing Phenotypes in Clinical Candida tropicalis Isolates.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the antagonistic effect ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the thermotolerance mechanism of Pichia kudriavzevii LC375240 through transcriptomic and genetic analyses.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Exploring the role and mechanisms of theMycology · 2025Article
- Pitavastatin Calcium Confers Fungicidal Properties to Fluconazole by Inhibiting Ubiquinone Biosynthesis and Generating Reactive Oxygen Species.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fungistatic Effect of Phthalide Lactones onMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Metabolism of Susceptibility: Clearing the FoG Between Tolerance and Resistance inCurrent clinical microbiology reports · 2023Article
- Membrane Integrity Contributes to Resistance of Cryptococcus neoformans to the Cell Wall Inhibitor Caspofungin.mSphere · 2022Article
- Investigation of Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica for their antibacterial potential against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Anti-Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Raman Spectroscopy of OralInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Crosstalk between Yeast Cell Plasma Membrane Ergosterol Content and Cell Wall Stiffness under Acetic Acid Stress Involving Pdr18.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- In Vitro Anti-Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Factorial design-assisted reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
- The ABC transporter Pdr18 is required for yeast thermotolerance due to its role in ergosterol transport and plasma membrane properties.Environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Impact of tolerance to fluconazole on treatment response in Candida albicans bloodstream infection.Mycoses · 2021Article
- Antifungal Susceptibility Testing: Current Approaches.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Drug resistance and tolerance in fungi.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2020Review
- Synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions in the treatment of systemic fungal infections.eLife · 2020Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Visual determination of MIC end points for azole antifungal agents can be complicated by the trailing growth phenomenon. To determine the incidence of trailing growth, we performed testing of in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution M27-A reference procedure and 944 bloodstream isolates of seven Candida spp., obtained through active population-based surveillance between 1998 and 2000. Of 429 C. albicans isolates, 78 (18.2%) showed trailing growth at 48 h in tests with fluconazole, and 70 (16.3%) showed trailing in tests with itraconazole. Of 118 C. tropicalis isolates, 70 (59.3%) showed trailing growth in tests with fluconazole, and 35 (29.7%) showed trailing in tests with itraconazole. Trailing growth was not observed with any of the other five Candida spp. tested (C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, and C. parapsilosis). To confirm whether or not isolates that showed trailing growth in fluconazole and/or itraconazole were resistant in vitro to these agents, all isolates that showed trailing growth were retested by the sterol quantitation method, which measures cellular ergosterol content rather than growth inhibition after exposure to azoles. By this method, none of the trailing isolates was resistant in vitro to fluconazole or itraconazole. For both agents, a 24-h visual end point or a spectrophotometric end point of 50% reduction in growth relative to the growth control after 24 or 48 h of incubation correlated most closely with the result of sterol quantitation. Our results indicate that MIC results determined by either of these end point rules may be more predictive of in vivo outcome for isolates that give unclear visual end points at 48 h due to trailing growth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.