ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
Synergism between trematode infection and pesticide exposure: a link to amphibian limb deformities in nature?
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 452 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host-pathogen interactions under pressure: A review and meta-analysis of stress-mediated effects on disease dynamics.Ecology letters · 2023Pooled it
- A qualitative meta-analysis reveals consistent effects of atrazine on freshwater fish and amphibians.Environmental health perspectives · 2010Pooled it
- Shifting waters: how habitat alteration affects host-parasite dynamics in freshwater ecosystems.Parasitology research · 2026Review
- The Individual and Combined Effects of Warming and Atrazine on Lithobates pipiens Phenotypes: Implications for Frog Declines.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2026Article
- Outbreak of parasite-induced limb malformations in a declining amphibian species in Colorado.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2024Article
- Behave yourself: effects of exogenous-glucocorticoid exposure on larval amphibian anti-parasite behaviour and physiology.Oecologia · 2024Article
- Framework for multi-stressor physiological response evaluation in amphibian risk assessment and conservation.Frontiers in ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Assessing Leukocyte Profiles of Salamanders and Other Amphibians: A Herpetologists' Guide.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- From the Field to the Lab: Physiological and Behavioural Consequences of Environmental Salinity in a Coastal Frog.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Environmental, anthropogenic, and spatial factors affecting species composition and species associations in helminth communities of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) in Latvia.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Biological responses in pesticide exposed lizards (Podarcis siculus).Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2021Article
- Trematodes coupled with neonicotinoids: effects on blood cell profiles of a model amphibian.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Effects of multiple stressors on northern leopard frogs in agricultural wetlands.Parasitology · 2021Article
- Retinoid signaling in skeletal development: Scoping the system for predictive toxicology.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2021Review
- Impacts of trace metals on African common toad,Heliyon · 2020Article
- Guidance for Developing Amphibian Population Models for Ecological Risk Assessment.Integrated environmental assessment and management · 2020Article
- Amphibian Host and Skin Microbiota Response to a Common Agricultural Antimicrobial and Internal Parasite.Microbial ecology · 2020Article
- The impact of elevated temperature and COFrontiers in zoology · 2020Article
- Sub-chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid does not affect susceptibility of larval leopard frogs to infection by trematode parasites, via either depressed cercarial performance or host immunity.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Multiple stressors produce differential transcriptomic patterns in a stream-dwelling salamander.BMC genomics · 2019Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The apparently rapid increase in the prevalence of amphibian limb deformities has led to substantial interest from ecologists and public health professionals. Hypotheses proposed to explain the deformities fall into two broad categories: chemical contaminants and trematode infection. Although there are convincing experimental demonstrations that certain factors can lead to some deformities, the causes for recent increases in amphibian malformation remain controversial. Moreover, no experimental studies on amphibian deformities have been conducted in the field, and no studies have attempted to examine the synergistic effects of trematode infection and exposure to chemical contaminants. Here, I present the results of field and laboratory experiments that link increased trematode infection, and increased limb deformities, to pesticide exposure. Field experiments conclusively demonstrated that exposure to trematode infection was required for the development of limb deformities in wood frogs, Rana sylvatica. However, deformities were more common at sites adjacent to agricultural runoff. Laboratory experiments corroborated the association between pesticide exposure and increased infection with pesticide-mediated immunocompetency as the apparent mechanism. Given the conservative contaminant exposure levels used [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water standards] and the widespread use of many pesticides, these negative impacts may help to explain pathogen-mediated amphibian declines in many regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.