ArticleBMC immunology2002
IL-4 dependent alternatively-activated macrophages have a distinctive in vivo gene expression phenotype.
Article in BMC immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers.
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179 citing papers in PubMed, 324 citations in OpenAlex.
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- M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps - myth or reality?Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Article
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- Helminth exposure protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage dependent T cell activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- Fungal-mediated lung allergic airway disease: The critical role of macrophages and dendritic cells.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Interleukin 4 promotes phagocytosis of murine leukemia cells counteracted by CD47 upregulation.Haematologica · 2022Article
- An update on Ym1 and its immunoregulatory role in diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Differences in Cell-Intrinsic Inflammatory Programs of Yolk Sac and Bone Marrow Macrophages.Cells · 2021Article
- CCR2 deficiency alters activation of microglia subsets in traumatic brain injury.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Trichuris muris infection drives cell-intrinsic IL4R alpha independent colonic RELMα+ macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Dermal bacterial LPS-stimulation reduces susceptibility to intradermal Trypanosoma brucei infection.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Azithromycin alleviates systemic lupus erythematosus via the promotion of M2 polarisation in lupus mice.Cell death discovery · 2021Article
- M-CSF, IL-6, and TGF-β promote generation of a new subset of tissue repair macrophage for traumatic brain injury recovery.Science advances · 2021Article
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background"Alternatively-activated" macrophages are found in Th2-mediated inflammatory settings such as nematode infection and allergic pulmonary inflammation. Due in part to a lack of markers, these cells have not been well characterized in vivo and their function remains unknown.
resultsWe have used murine macrophages elicited by nematode infection (NeM(phi)) as a source of in vivo derived alternatively activated macrophages. Using three distinct yet complementary molecular approaches we have established a gene expression profile of alternatively activated macrophages and identified macrophage genes that are regulated in vivo by IL-4. First, genes abundantly expressed were identified by an expressed sequence tag strategy. Second, an array of 1176 known mouse genes was screened for differential expression between NeM(phi) from wild type or IL-4 deficient mice. Third, a subtractive library was screened to identify novel IL-4 dependent macrophage genes. Differential expression was confirmed by real time RT-PCR analysis.
conclusionsOur data demonstrate that alternatively activated macrophages generated in vivo have a gene expression profile distinct from any macrophage population described to date. Several of the genes we identified, including those most abundantly expressed, have not previously been associated with macrophages and thus this study provides unique new information regarding the phenotype of macrophages found in Th2-mediated, chronic inflammatory settings. Our data also provide additional in vivo evidence for parallels between the inflammatory processes involved in nematode infection and allergy.
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