ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2002
Evidence for a cytopathogenicity determinant in HIV-1 Vpr.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- A New Type of Nonsuppressible Viremia Produced by HIV-Infected Macrophage.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A New Type of Nonsuppressible Viremia Produced by HIV-Infected Macrophage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- HIV Vpr activates a nucleolar-specific ATR pathway to degrade the nucleolar stress sensor CCDC137.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Identification of polymorphisms associated with attenuation of Vif and Vpr in HIV-1 Elite Controllers.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Vpr Functions in Primary CD4Viruses · 2024Review
- Important role of microglia in HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders and the molecular pathways implicated in its pathogenesis.Annals of medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Delineation of Homeostatic Immune Signatures Defining Viremic Non-progression in HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Few amino acid signatures distinguish HIV-1 subtype B pandemic and non-pandemic strains.PloS one · 2020Article
- Yeast for virus research.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2017Review
- The HIV-1 Vpr Protein: A Multifaceted Target for Therapeutic Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Retroviral DNA Integration.Chemical reviews · 2016Review
- HIV-1 Vpr N-terminal tagging affects alternative splicing of the viral genome.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Article
- Defining the roles for Vpr in HIV-1-associated neuropathogenesis.Journal of neurovirology · 2016Review
- Vpr overcomes macrophage-specific restriction of HIV-1 Env expression and virion production.Cell host & microbe · 2014Article
- R77Q and Q3R HIV1-VPR mutations in an otherwise asymptomatic 5-year-old child with repeated ear infections.JMM case reports · 2014Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr polymorphisms associated with progressor and nonprogressor individuals alter Vpr-associated functions.The Journal of general virology · 2014Article
- Visualizing Vpr-induced G2 arrest and apoptosis.PloS one · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 is cytopathic for CD4(+) T lymphocytes in vitro and this property of HIV-1 is generally considered to account for some of its in vivo cytopathogenicity. Thus, the extent of lymphocyte depletion correlates with the level of viremia whereas low levels of viral replication are typically associated with stable lymphocyte levels and asymptomatic infection such as is observed in non-progressors. Here, we describe a non-progressor who did not fit this general pattern in that CD4(+) T lymphocyte homeostasis was maintained in the face of high-level viral replication. Biological viral isolates from this patient replicated in primary lymphocytes without inducing cytopathicity. Because this phenotype is reminiscent of Vpr-deleted viruses, we examined the contribution of the Vpr gene to the viral phenotype. Vpr alleles derived from this patient contained both premature stop codons and an unusual Q3R polymorphism. Insertion of patient-derived Vpr alleles or a Q3R substitution into a cytopathic HIV-1 clone resulted in a marked impairment of cytopathicity without affecting viral replication efficiency. The effect of Vpr on cytopathicity was unrelated to reported activities of Vpr including virion association, interaction with uracil DNA glycosylase, G(2) arrest, or enhancement of macrophage infection but correlated with the ability of Vpr to induce host cell apoptosis. This study suggests the presence of a determinant of in vivo cytopathogenicity within HIV-1 Vpr and further indicates that viral replication can be uncoupled from cytopathicity in vitro and in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.