ArticleGenes and immunity2002
A functional promoter polymorphism in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene associated with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Genes and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 361 citations in OpenAlex.
- MIF -173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism modulates coronary artery disease risk: evidence from a systematic meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Association between the MIF-173G/C Polymorphism and Serum MIF levels with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease: an association study in New Zealand Caucasians and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2013Pooled it
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to inflammatory coronary heart disease.BioMed research international · 2015Trial
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- Article
- Bridging Inflammation and Oncology: The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pathogenic role of MIF receptor (CD74) expressing T cells in inflammatory arthritis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Distinctive Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Receptor Patterns and Soluble Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Unveiling Key Associations with Disease Activity.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2025Article
- Targeting the CD74 signaling axis suppresses inflammation and rescues defective hematopoiesis inScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- MIF functional polymorphisms are associated with acute GVHD progression and steroid-refractoriness.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The VEGF-Mediated Cytoprotective Ability of MIF-Licensed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in House Dust Mite-Induced Epithelial Damage.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Association study of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the hypoxia response element of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene promoter with suicide completers in the Japanese population.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Article
- MIF contribution to progressive brain diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- A narrative review on the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of familial Mediterranean fever: an emphasis on pediatric cases.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Human macrophage migration inhibitory factor potentiates mesenchymal stromal cell efficacy in a clinically relevant model of allergic asthma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Dualistic roles and mechanistic insights of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Review
- The relevance of serum macrophage migratory inhibitory factor and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vascular disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- OxMIF: a druggable isoform of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in cancer and inflammatory diseases.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Review
- Deep Insight into the Role of MIF in Spondyloarthritis.Current rheumatology reports · 2022Review
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine and regulates the anti-inflammator effects of glucocorticoids. An important role for MIF within the cytokine cascade is to act in concert with endogenous glucocorticoids to control the set-point and magnitude of the inflammatory response. Elevated expression of MIF in the circulation and in the synovial joint has been documented in rheumatoid arthritis. MIF also has been linked to the development of joint damage and disease pathology in experimental animal models. We describe herein a novel CATT-tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism at position -794 of the human Mif gene and show that it functionally affects the activity of the MIF promoter in gene reporter assays. We describe four genotypes which comprise 5, 6, 7, or 8-CATT repeat units and show that the 5-CATT allele has the lowest level of basal and stimulated MIF promoter activity in vitro. The presence of the low expressing, 5-CATT repeat allele correlated with low disease severity in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.