ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2002
Blockade of TGF-beta inhibits mammary tumor cell viability, migration, and metastases.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 240 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 486 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumoral pSMAD2 as a prognostic biomarker in early-stage breast cancer: insights from the randomized SweBCG91RT trial.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Trial
- Disorganised stroma determined on pre-treatment breast cancer biopsies is associated with poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Results from the NEOZOTAC trial.Molecular oncology · 2015Trial
- CPT1A loss promotes lung metastasis in immune-competent mice via a mechanism of mtDNA release and chronic activation of STING pathway.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Preclinical Model.Toxins · 2026Article
- SMURF2 in Anticancer Therapy: Dual Role in Carcinogenesis and Theranostics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cytokine Networks in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, and Emerging Strategies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- TGF-β Signaling in Cancer: Mechanisms of Progression and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Nasal allergen and methacholine provocation tests influence co‑expression patterns of TGF‑β/SMAD and MAPK signaling pathway genes in patients with asthma.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Screening and validating the optimal panel of housekeeping genes for 4T1 breast carcinoma and metastasis studies in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β signals suppresses tumor formation by regulation of tumor microenvironment networks.Cancer science · 2024Article
- The heterogeneity of tumour immune microenvironment revealing the CRABP2/CD69 signature discriminates distinct clinical outcomes in breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Small extracellular vesicle TGF-β in cancer progression and immune evasion.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Review
- Recent advances and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Leveraging Natural Killer Cell Innate Immunity against Hematologic Malignancies: From Stem Cell Transplant to Adoptive Transfer and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Structure-Guide Design and Optimization of Potential Druglikeness Inhibitors for TGFβRI with the Pyrrolopyrimidine Scaffold.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- TGFBR1*6A as a modifier of breast cancer risk and progression: advances and future prospects.NPJ breast cancer · 2022Review
- Research progress on drugs targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway in fibrotic diseases.Immunologic research · 2022Review
- Targeting TGF-β signal transduction for fibrosis and cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2022Review
- Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
TGF-betas are potent inhibitors of epithelial cell proliferation. However, in established carcinomas, autocrine/paracrine TGF-beta interactions can enhance tumor cell viability and progression. Thus, we studied the effect of a soluble Fc:TGF-beta type II receptor fusion protein (Fc:TbetaRII) on transgenic and transplantable models of breast cancer metastases. Systemic administration of Fc:TbetaRII did not alter primary mammary tumor latency in MMTV-Polyomavirus middle T antigen transgenic mice. However, Fc:TbetaRII increased apoptosis in primary tumors, while reducing tumor cell motility, intravasation, and lung metastases. These effects correlated with inhibition of Akt activity and FKHRL1 phosphorylation. Fc:TbetaRII also inhibited metastases from transplanted 4T1 and EMT-6 mammary tumors in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Tumor microvessel density in a mouse dorsal skin window chamber was unaffected by Fc:TbetaRII. Therefore, blockade of TGF-beta signaling may reduce tumor cell viability and migratory potential and represents a testable therapeutic approach against metastatic carcinomas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.