ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2002
Longitudinal study of intracellular T cell cytokine production in infants compared to adults.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- T-Cell Populations in Infancy After Maternal Probiotic Supplementation to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Article
- Immune cell population dynamics following neonatal BCG vaccination and aerosol BCG revaccination in rhesus macaques.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Ontogeny of cytokine responses to PHA from birth to adulthood.Pediatric research · 2019Observational
- Distinct cytokine patterns may regulate the severity of neonatal asphyxia-an observational study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2017Observational
- Immune development in HIV-exposed uninfected children born to HIV-infected women.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2017Article
- Existence of Th22 in children and evaluation of IL-22 + CD4 + T, Th17, and other T cell effector subsets from healthy children compared to adults.BMC immunology · 2016Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus--a comprehensive review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2013Review
- Cytokine production by bone marrow mononuclear cells in inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.British journal of haematology · 2013Article
- Annual vaccination against influenza virus hampers development of virus-specific CD8⁺ T cell immunity in children.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Asthma in childhood: a complex, heterogeneous disease.Korean journal of pediatrics · 2011Article
- Cytokine responses correlate differentially with age in infancy and early childhood.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2005Article
- Longitudinal assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific gamma interferon responses during the first year of life in HIV-1-infected infants.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Age- and infection-related maturation of the nasal immune response in 0-2-year-old children.Allergy · 2005Article
- Spontaneous mucosal lymphocyte cytokine profiles in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms: mucosal immune activation and reduced counter regulatory interleukin-10.Journal of clinical immunology · 2004Article
- RSV-induced bronchiolitis but not upper respiratory tract infection is accompanied by an increased nasal IL-18 response.Journal of medical virology · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intracellular cytokine production in lymphocytes obtained longitudinally from 325 healthy infants aged 2-12 months was compared with adult lymphocytes using four-colour flow cytometry. Peripheral blood samples (180 microlitres) were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, ionomycin and brefeldin A to induce production and intracellular accumulation of cytokines. The method was validated by assessing reproducibility, repeatibility, ruggedness (i.e. fresh versus day-old blood samples), precision, linearity and sensitivity. Among infants, the number and percentage of T lymphocytes (helper/inducer T cell subsets and cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subsets) producing IFN-gamma (type 1) and IL4 (type 2) increased over the first year of life but remained significantly lower than levels found in adults. In both infants and adults more CD4- T cells than CD4+ T cells were induced to make IFN-gamma. Infant Th1/Th2 ratios revealed modest Th1-skewed (predominant) profiles compared to adults, which were 5-10 times higher. Infant Tc1/Tc2 ratios revealed Tc1-skewed responses which were equal to adult ratios by age 12 months. At 12 months infant Th2 responses were closer to adult levels than were Th1 cells. Intracellular cytokine detection by flow cytometry is a rapid, sensitive, rugged and precise method to characterize immune status changes over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.