ArticleInfection and immunity2002
The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 locus contains four tandemly arranged and expressed genes encoding immunologically distinct proteins.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- A Novel Thioredoxin-Like Protein ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
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- Characterization of the variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) gene family of Babesia orientalis.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Genetic Diversity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Interplay between Attenuation- and Virulence-Factors ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Genetic diversity of Babesia bovis in beef cattle in a large wetland in Brazil.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Unravelling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit?International journal for parasitology · 2019Review
- Surface Antigen 1 Is a Crucial Secreted Protein That MediatesFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- A recombinant multi-antigen vaccine formulation containing Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens MSA-2aParasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Identification and Characterization of the Rhoptry Neck Protein 2 in Babesia divergens and B. microti.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Targeted surface expression of an exogenous antigen in stably transfected Babesia bovis.PloS one · 2014Article
- Identification and characterization of the RouenBd1987 Babesia divergens Rhopty-Associated Protein 1.PloS one · 2014Article
- Transmission and epidemiology of zoonotic protozoal diseases of companion animals.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
- Validation and field evaluation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Babesia bovis infections in Argentina.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Expression and strain variation of the novel "small open reading frame" (smorf) multigene family in Babesia bovis.International journal for parasitology · 2012Article
- Coinfection with antigenically and genetically distinct virulent strains of Babesia bovis is maintained through all phases of the parasite life cycle.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Genome sequence of Babesia bovis and comparative analysis of apicomplexan hemoprotozoa.PLoS pathogens · 2007Article
- The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 hypervariable region induces surface-reactive antibodies that block merozoite invasion.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Members of the variable merozoite surface antigen (vmsa) gene family of Babesia bovis encode membrane proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion. In this study, we have identified and sequenced the complete 8.3-kb genomic locus containing msa-2, a member of the vmsa family, in the biologically cloned Mexico Mo7 strain. Four tandemly arranged copies of msa-2-related genes were found in the locus. The four genes, designated msa-2a(1) (which corresponds to the originally described msa-2 gene), msa-2a(2), msa-2b, and msa-2c, were shown to be transcribed and expressed and encode proteins with open reading frames ranging in size from 266 (MSA-2c) to 317 (MSA-2a(1)) amino acids. MSA-2a(1) and -2a(2) are the most closely related of the four proteins (90% identity), differing by (i) the number of 24-amino-acid repeats that comprise a surface-exposed B-cell epitope and (ii) the presence of a 32-amino-acid area of recombination between MSA-2a(2) and -2b. In contrast, msa-2c is most closely related to the previously described babr 0.8 gene in Australia strains of B. bovis. Comparison of MSA-2 proteins in the Argentina R1A strain of B. bovis with the Mexico Mo7 clone revealed a relatively high degree of conservation (83.6, 69.4, 79.1, and 88.7% amino acid identity for MSA-2a(1), -2a(2), -2b, and -2c, respectively), in contrast to the extensive MSA-1 sequence variation (52% identity) between the same two strains. Postinfection bovine immune serum contains antibodies that bound to each of the recombinant MSA-2 proteins. Blocking assays demonstrated the presence of unique B-cell epitopes in MSA-2a(1), -2b, and -2c. The results support the evolution of the msa-2 locus through at least two gene duplications, with selection for multiple related but antigenically distinct merozoite surface proteins.
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